Ch 7 Part 1 Preventing Perioperative Disease Trasmission

Front 1

Symbiosis

Back 1

Relationship between human hosts and indigenous flora.

Front 2

3 types of symbiosis

Back 2

Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism

Front 3

Mutualism

Back 3

Both organisms benefit and depend on one another to a certain extent

Front 4

Ex of mutualism

Back 4

Escherichia coli

Front 5

what is e.coli

Back 5

Obtains nutrients from the food that humans eat

Front 6

E. coli and human benefits

Back 6

E.coli-obtains nutrients that humans eat.

Human- E.coli produces vitamin K which is essential to blood clotting.

Front 7

Mutualism and Synergism

Back 7

2 organisms work together to achieve a result that neither could alone. Ex: Fusobacteria and spirochetes work together to cause a disease known as trench mouth-severe gingivitis causes bleeding gums and ulcerations.

Front 8

Commensalism

Back 8

1 organism benefits and 2nd neither benefits nor harmed. Ex. Indigenous microflora on the skin of humans obtain nutrients but do not affect the skin. Ex. barnacles on whale

Front 9

Commensalism and neutralism

Back 9

2 organisms occupy the same are w no affect on the other.

Front 10

antagonism

Back 10

1 organism inhibits or interferes with the growth of another

Front 11

Parasitism

Back 11

1 organism benefits and the other is harmed. Ex. intestinal worms

Front 12

Pathogens

Back 12

Microorganisms that cause an infection.

Front 13

Pathogenic Relationships

Back 13

Commensal organisms that become opportunistic by entering through an incision. ex. UTI's and airborne viruses such as a cold.

Front 14

Pathogens and SSI's

Back 14

Bacteria, TB, Viruses, Prions, parasites and Fungi

Front 15

What are all bacteria?

Back 15

Prokaryotes

Front 16

Bacteria divide by

Back 16

Binary Fission

Front 17

Characteristics of bacteria (6 types)

Back 17

Morphology, Motility, Oxygen/CO2 Requirements, Pathogenicity,Staining, spore forming.

Front 18

Coccoid

Back 18

Round shaped

Front 19

Diplococci

Back 19

Paired

Front 20

streptococci

Back 20

chain of bacteria

Front 21

Staphylcocci

Back 21

Cluster of bacteria

Front 22

Bacillus

Back 22

Rod-shaped

Front 23

Spirilla

Back 23

spiral shaped

Front 24

motility

Back 24

uses whip like motion

Front 25

flagella

Back 25

long thin structure attached to the outside of the cell

Front 26

cilia

Back 26

short hair extensions located on the surface of the cell.

Front 27

oxygen/CO2 Requirements

Front 28

Aerobic

Back 28

lives and grows in the presence of oxygen

Front 29

obligate aerobes

Back 29

require level of oxygen found in a typical room

Front 30

microaerophiles

Back 30

require oxygen but at a level lower than that found in room air (about 5% of oxygen)

Front 31

anaerobe

Back 31

requires no oxygen

Front 32

obligate anerobes

Back 32

will not grow if there is any oxygen in the room

Front 33

facultative anaerobes

Back 33

able to survive in envmt that contains oxygen or no oxygen

Front 34

aerotolerant anaerobes

Back 34

grows best with no oxygen but can survive in up to 15% of oxygen

Front 35

capnophiles

Back 35

grow best in high concentrations of carbon dioxide

Front 36

What determines the pathogenicity of bacteria?

Back 36

1.release of exotoxins and endotoxins

Front 37

endotoxin

Back 37

toxic substance bound to the bacterial cell wall and released when the bacterium ruptures of disintegrates

Front 38

exotoxin

Back 38

toxin secreted by bacteria causes harm to the host

Front 39

2.?

Back 39

release of enzymes

Front 40

3.?

Back 40

presence of protective capsule

Front 41

4.

Back 41

direct damage by attaching to the host cells to invade tissues of the body.

Front 42

Staining. simple stain?

Back 42

used to determine basic shape and structures of the cell

Front 43

gram stain

Back 43

stained crystal violet:washed with ethanol that removed purple stain from bacteria that do not retain stain. red dye- safrin is applied:specimen is rinsed with water

Front 44

gram positive

Back 44

bacteria will retain the crystal violet therefore are purple

Front 45

gram negative

Back 45

do not retain and are red from the safrin.

Front 46

spore forming

Back 46

bacteria capable of forming spores

Front 47

what does the CDC say is the most commonly transmitted pathogen in the operating room?

Back 47

staphylococcus aureus. Gram positive coccus. common flora of the skin, hair and nares of the nose, pathogens commonly associated with SSI. Accounts for 30% of infections.

Front 48

What is the name for Tuberculosis?

Back 48

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 49

how is TB transmitted?

Back 49

airborne droplet nuclei

Front 50

what does TB effect?

Back 50

lungs, but may also affect kidneys, bone, joints, or skin

Front 51

TB isolation precautions

Back 51

wear gloves, protective eyewear, gown, NIOSH approved respirators, infected patient must wear mask, negative pressure isolation room

Front 52

viruses

Back 52

non living particless that are completely reliant on the host cell for survival

Front 53

viruses enter body through

Back 53

inhalation of respiratory droplets, exchange of body fluids, ingestion of food and water, bites by arthropod vectors

Front 54

factors that increase risk of SSI

Back 54

age (old, young), obesity (diminished blood flow and adipose tissue handling), general health, carries of S aureus or MRSA, remote infections (bacteria from blood stream), preoperative hospitalization, preexisting illness

Front 55

other factors that contribute to SSI

Back 55

Malnutrition, tobacco use, diabetes, malignancy, and immunosuppression