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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inequality |
Social condition in which privileges, opportunities, and substantial rewards are given to people in some positions in society but denied to others |
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slavery |
when an individual or a family is bound in servitude as the property of a person or household, bought and sold, and forced to work. |
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social stratification |
refers to how individuals and groups are layered and ranked in society according to their access to and possession of valued resources. |
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cultural capital |
knowledge, skills, language, mastery, style of dress, and values that provide a person with access to a particular status in society |
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social capital |
networks with others who have influence |
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wealth |
your income, property, and total assets or how much you're worth |
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life expectancy |
the average number of years a person in particular society can expect to live. |
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lifestyle |
includes attitudes, values, beliefs, behavior patterns, and other aspects of your place in the world, as shaped by socialization. |
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social mobility |
the extent of individual movement up or down in the class system, changing one's social position in society. especially relative to one's parents. |
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meritocracy |
positions would be allocated in a social group or organization according to individuals' abilities and credentials. |
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ascribed stratification system |
characteristics beyond the control of individuals-such as family background,age,sex, and race- determine their position in society. |
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achieved stratification system |
allow individuals to earn positions through their ability, efforts, and choices. |
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caste system |
most rigid ascribed stratification systems. individuals are born into a status, which they retain throughout life. |
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estate systems |
characterized by the concentration of economic and political power in the hands of a small minority of political-military elite, with the peasantry tied to the land |
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social class |
refers to wealth, power, and prestige rankings that individuals hold in society |
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power elite |
top leaders in corps, politics, and military rules society |
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pluralists power theorists |
power is not held exclusively by an elite group but shared among many power centers, each of which has its own self-interests to protect. |
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absolute poverty |
not having resources to meet basic needs, no prestige, little access to power, no acumulated wealth, insufficient means to survive.
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relative poverty |
one's income falls below the poverty line, resulting in an inadequate standard of living relative to others in the individual's country |
