Ch. 7: Imagery

Front 1

Logogens

Back 1

unit containing info underlying our use of a word that comprise the verbal system

Front 2

Imagens

Back 2

unit containing info that generate mental images that make up the nonverbal system

Front 3

Dual-coding theory

Back 3

theory that verbal and nonverbal systems are alternative ways of representing events

Front 4

Concreteness

Back 4

degree to which a word referes to concrete objects, persons, places, or things that can be heard, felt, smelled, or tasted

Front 5

Left and Right hemispheres (theory)

Back 5

left hemisphere controls speech and is better at processing verbal material; right hemisphere is better at performing nonverbal tasks

Front 6

Lexical decision task

Back 6

participants must indicate whether each stimulus if a word or not

Front 7

Method of loci

Back 7

a mnemonic technique based on places and images

Front 8

Bizarre imagery

Back 8

hypothesis that bizarre images facilitate recall

Front 9

Mnemonic techniques

Back 9

procedures used to aid memory

Front 10

Distinctiveness

Back 10

hypothesis that the more distinctive the item, the easier it is to recall

Front 11

Von Restorfff effect

Back 11

if one item in a set is different from the others, it will be more likely to be recalled

Front 12

Special places strategy

Back 12

ppl try to put items in places that they can easily remember, but that others will be unable to discover

Front 13

Inducer

Back 13

cue that elicits a synaesthetic experience

Front 14

Concurrent

Back 14

synaesthetic response itself

Front 15

Metamemory

Back 15

our beliefs about how memory works

Front 16

Synaesthesia

Back 16

power of stimulus appropriate to one sense (eg. sound) to arouse experience appropriate to another sense (eg. colour)

Front 17

Chromaesthesia

Back 17

coloured hearing

Front 18

Apoptosis

Back 18

programmed pruning of neurons

Front 19

Strong synaesthetes

Back 19

ppl who are susceptible to an induce in one sensory modality (eg. sound) producing a concurrent image in another sensory modality (eg. colour)

Front 20

Cross-modal effects

Back 20

ability to appreciate that sensations of one modality can be similar to those in another modality

Front 21

Weak synaesthetes

Back 21

ppl who can appreciate cross-modal associations, w/o having strong synaesthetic experiences

Front 22

Eidetic imagery

Back 22

images projected onto external world that persist for 1+ minutes even after stimulus (eg. picture) is removed

Front 23

Cognitive dedifferentiation

Back 23

perceptual processes that typically function independently are fused instead

Front 24

Icon

Back 24

initial, brief representation of info contained in a visual stimulus

Front 25

Vividness of visual imagery

Back 25

degree to which images are clear, lively, and resemble an actual percept

Front 26

Mental rotation

Back 26

ability to imagine an object in motion and view it from different perspectives

Front 27

Objective distances

Back 27

true distances b/w objects in real world are preserved in our mental images

Front 28

Categorical distance

Back 28

number of units traversed during mental scanning (eg. landmarks on island ma, rooms in building, counties in state); preserved

Front 29

Images as anticipations

Back 29

hypothesis that an image is a readiness to perceive something

Front 30

Emergent properties

Back 30

new properties that emerge when a mental image is constructed

Front 31

Analog form of representation

Back 31

hypothesis that a mental image embodies the essential relationships of the things it represents

Front 32

Egocentric perspective transformations

Back 32

You imagine yourself moving, while objects in env. remain still

Front 33

Spatial framework

Back 33

an imaginary space w/ 1 vertical (above-below) and 2 horizontal dimensions (ahead-behind and left-right)

Front 34

Propositional knowledge

Back 34

hypothesis that knowledge about the world is stored in memory in form of propositions

Front 35

Cognitive map

Back 35

info from env. is worked over and elaborated into a tentative, cognitive-like map indicating routes and paths and env. relationships

Front 36

Egocentric frame of reference

Back 36

ppl use info available from their current perspective to orient themselves

Front 37

Path integration

Back 37

one's position in relation to an important location is cont. updated as one moves through the env.

Front 38

Mental models

Back 38

theory that we construct a mental model of situation to which a set of premises refers, on basis of which we draw conclusions (i.e. representations of situations that enable us to understand and reason about them)