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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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crime |
a wrong agaisnt society set forth in a statute and punishable by a fine and or/ imprisonment. |
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beyond a reasonable doubt |
the standard used to dertermine the guilt or innocence of a person criminally charges . To be guilty of a crime, one must be proved guilty "beyond and to th exclusion of every reasonable doubt" A reasonable doubt is one that would cause a prudent person to hesitate before acting in matters important to him or her. |
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felonies |
serious crimes punishable by death or by imprisonment for more than one year. |
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misdemeanors |
less serious crimes punishable by a fine or by confinement for up to a year. |
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petty offenses |
minor violations, such as jaywalking or violations of building codes considered to be a subset of misemeanors. |
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actus reus |
performance of a prohibited act |
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mens rea |
a specified state of mind, or intent, on the part of the actor |
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robbery |
taking of money, property, or any other article of value from a person by means of force or fear, is also a violent crime. |
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burglary |
breaking and entering into a dwelling of someone else at night with the intent to commit a felony. |
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larceny |
basically robbery without using force or feear |
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arson |
willfull and malicious burning of a building |
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forgery |
the fraudulent making or altering of any writting in a wat that changes the legal rights and liabilities of another is forgery. |
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white collar crimes |
involves an illegal act or series of acts committed by an individual or business entity using some noviolent means to obtain a personal or business advantage |
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embezzlement |
when a person is entrusted with another person's property and fraudlently appropriates property or money. employee steals money |
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money laundering |
engaging in financial transactions to conceal the identity, source, or destination of illegaly gained funds. |
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self defense |
the defense of one's dwelling, the defense of other property, and the prevention of a crime |
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necessity |
criminal act was necessary to preent an even greater harm |
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duress |
wrongful threat of one person induces another person to perform an act that or he she would not otherwise have performed. |
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entrapment |
a defense desgined to prevent police officers or other govenement agents from enticing persons to commit crimes in order to prosecute them for those crimes. |
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self incrimination |
clause guaranteed by the 5th amendment. States no person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness agaisnt himself. |
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plea bargaining |
the process by which a criminal defendant and the prosecuttor in a criminal case work out a mutually statisfactory dispoistion of the case, subject to court approval. It usually involves the defendant's pleading guilty to a lesser offense in return for a lighter sentence |
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double jeopardy |
trying someone twice for the same criminal offense |
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search warrant |
an order from a judge or other public official authorizing the search and seizure |
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probable cause |
requires officers to have trustworthy evidence that would convince a reasonable person that the proposed search or seizure is more likely justifed than not. |
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exclusionary rule |
evidence obtained in violation of the consitutional rights spelled out in the fourth fifth and sixth amendments generally is not admissable at trial. |
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indictment |
a charge by a grand jury that a reasonable basis exists for believing that a crime has been committed and that a trial should be held. |
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grand jury |
functions to hear the state's evidence and to determine whether a reasonable basis (probable cause) exists for believing that a crime has been committed and that a trial ought to be held. |
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information |
criminal complaint |
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botnets |
networks of computers that have been appropriated by hackers without the knowlege of the owner |
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worm |
software program that is capable of reproducing itself as it spreads from one computer to the next. |
