Ch 7 Biology

Front 1

the basic units of living organisms

Back 1

cells

Front 2

___developed at simple light microscope because it contained on lens and used___ to view objects

Back 2

Leeuwenhoek ,light

Front 3

uses a series of lens to magnify objects in steps

Back 3

compound light microscopes

Front 4

used a compound light microscope to study ___,the dead cells of outer bark

also gave box-shaped structures the name cells.

Back 4

hooke,cork

Front 5

concluded all plants are composed of cells

Back 5

Matthias Scleiden

Front 6

concluded all animals are composed of cells

Back 6

Theodor Schwann

Front 7

cell theory

1. all organisms are composed of _____ cells. an organism can be __ or ___

2. the cell is the basic unit of _____

3. all cells _____

Back 7

one or more, single cell,multicell

structure and organization of organisms

come for preexsisting cells

Front 8

uses a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify structures up to 500,000 times the actual size

Back 8

electron microscope

Front 9

for electron microscope specimen must be in

Back 9

vacuum and dead

Front 10

SEM scans surface of cells 3D

Back 10

scanning electron microscope

Front 11

TEM study sctructures within a cell

Back 11

transmission electron microscope

Front 12

STM uses flow of electrons to create a computer image of atoms on the surface of a molecule

Back 12

scanning tunneling microscope

Front 13

cells that do not contain any membrane-bound organelles

Back 13

prokaryote

Front 14

prokaryotes are known as

Back 14

bacteria

Front 15

membrane-bound structures such a nucleus chloroplast and vacuoles

Back 15

organelles

Front 16

cells containing membrane-bound organelles

Back 16

eukaryote

Front 17

most____ organisms are eukaryotic

Back 17

multicellular

Front 18

scottish scientist that observed that eukaryotic cells contain a prominent structure

Back 18

brown

Front 19

later concluded that the structure was responsible for cell division. the nucleus

Back 19

virchow

Front 20

central membrane-bound organelle that manages or controls cells functions

Back 20

nucleus

Front 21

sits where cell produces proteins according to directions of DNA

Back 21

ribosomes

Front 22

flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies proteins

Back 22

golgi complex

Front 23

clear, gelatinous fluid inside a cell

Back 23

cytoplasm

Front 24

central membrane-bound organelle that controls functions

Back 24

nucleus

Front 25

prominent organelle that produces ribosomes

Back 25

nucleolus

Front 26

separates nucleus from cytoplasm

Back 26

nuclear membrane

Front 27

boundry between cell and environment that allows nutrients in

Back 27

cell (plasma) membrane

Front 28

transforms energy stored in food molecules

Back 28

mitochondria

Front 29

tublar membranes studded with ribosomes that are involved in transportation of materials

Back 29

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Front 30

temporary storage of materials

Back 30

vacuole

Front 31

rigid structure located outside membrane to provide support and protection on a plant cell

Back 31

cell wall

Front 32

captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy

Back 32

cholorplast

Front 33

tublar membranes involved in transportation of materials

Back 33

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 34

in animal cell, digests excess or worn out organelles

Back 34

lyosome

Front 35

in animal cell,structures composed of microtubes that duplicate dna

Back 35

centriole

Front 36

maintains cells balance

Back 36

plasma membrane

Front 37

plasma membrane:
has ___ boundry

regulates movement of ___ gases and ____ in and out of cell

maintains____

selective _____

_____ bilayer

____ model

Back 37

flexible

nutirents and wastes

homeostasis

permeable

phosolipid

fluid mosaic

Front 38

rigid structure that provides support outside plasma membrane

Back 38

cell wall

Front 39

cell walls are found in ___ cells, fungi and bacteria

made of ___(plants) and ____(fungi)

Back 39

plant

cellulose and chitin

Front 40

strands of genetic material in nucleus

organelle in nucleus that produces ribosomes

Back 40

chromatin

nucleolus

Front 41

site where proteins are assembled according to dna instruction

Back 41

ribosomes

Front 42

the clear gel fluid between nucleus and plasma membrane

Back 42

cytoplasm

Front 43

series of highly folded membranes

Back 43

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 44

ER produce and store ____

site of cellular_____

folding increases _____ and creates channels/pathways

Back 44

lipids

chemical reaction

surface area

Front 45

ribosomes are attatched

Back 45

rough er

Front 46

no ribosomes

Back 46

smooth er

Front 47

flattened stacks on tubular membranes that modify proteins

Back 47

golgi complex

Front 48

golgi complex refines and packages proteins into ___

Back 48

vesicles

Front 49

membrane bound sac that temporarily stores material

Back 49

vacuole

Front 50

vacuoles store ____ _____ and other ____ even ____

Back 50

enzymes food materials and wastes

Front 51

contain digestive enzymes

Back 51

lysosomes

Front 52

lysosomes digest __ or ___ organelles and ____ particles. Also engulf ___ and ___ as a defense

Back 52

excess or worn
food

viruses bacteria

Front 53

converts light enrgy to chemical energy

Back 53

chloroplasts

Front 54

chloroplasts contains stacks of ___ and the fluid ___

Back 54

gana stroma

Front 55

plant organelles used for storage that give fruits color

Back 55

plastids

Front 56

green pigment

Back 56

chlorophyll

Front 57

breaks sugar molecules to release energy and store it as ATP

Back 57

mitochondria

Front 58

mitochondria

has an ___ membrane and a highly folded ___ membrane (cristae)

nicknamed the ___

Back 58

outer innner

powerhouse

Front 59

network of rods and filaments that give the cell its shape

Back 59

ctyoskeleton

Front 60

thin hollow protein cylinders

Back 60

microtubules

Front 61

smaller solid protein fibers

Back 61

microfilaments

Front 62

organelles found in animal cells

Back 62

centrioles

Front 63

centrioles occur in ___

important in ____

Back 63

pairs, cell divison

Front 64

short numerous hairs

Back 64

cilia

Front 65

long-whip-like projections( usually one or two)

Back 65

flagella