Ch. 7 Bio

Front 1

Ribosomes

Back 1

made of RNA and Protein
carry out protein synthesis
found in the cytoplasm

Front 2

endomembrane system

Back 2

regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell. Includes Golgi, ER, Lysosomes and vacuoles

Front 3

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 3

accounts for more than half of membranes in euk cells. Continuous with nuclear membrane

Front 4

Smooth ER

Back 4

LACKS RIBOSOMES
synthesizes lipids, detoxifies poisons, stores calcium and metabolizes carbohydrates

Front 5

Rough ER

Back 5

HAS BOUND RIBOSOMES
Produces proteins and membranes that are distributed by transport vesicles

Front 6

Golgi Apparatus

Back 6

Made of flattened sacs (cisternae). Receives and modifies products of the ER. Manufactures certain macromolecules

Front 7

cis face

Back 7

receiving side of golgi apparatus

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trans face

Back 8

shipping side of golgi apparatus

Front 9

lysosome

Back 9

membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules by fusing with them

Front 10

phagocytosis

Back 10

intercellular digestion--forms food vacuoles

Front 11

autophagy

Back 11

recycle the cell's own organic materials by fusing with vesicles containing damaged organelles

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vacuoles

Back 12

membrane bound sacs within cell--like vessicles but bigger

Front 13

contractile vacuoles

Back 13

pump excess water out of protist cells (single celled orgs)

Front 14

central vacuoles

Back 14

plants only- storage centers for important organic molecules and water

Front 15

Nuclear envelope+rough ER+smooth ER

Back 15

nuclear envelope is connected to the rough ER which is continuous with the smooth ER

Front 16

ER+vessicles+Golgi

Back 16

membranes and proteins produced by the ER move to the golgi by means of vessicles

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golgi+vessicles+lysosomes+vacuoles

Back 17

golgi pinches of vessicles which form lysosomes and vacuoles

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lysosome+vessicles

Back 18

lysosome fuses with vessicle for digestion

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vessicles+plasma membrane

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transport vessicles move materials to plasma membrane to be exported

Front 20

export

Back 20

plasma membrane expands due to vessicle fusion, proteins are secreted from the cell

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mitochondria

Back 21

sites of cellular respiration: have a smooth outer membrane,inner membrane, matrix (with mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes and folds (cristae))

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chloroplasts

Back 22

site of photosynthesis, relative of plastids. composed of thylakoids, membrane sacs (a stack is called granum), and stroma, fluid. have chlorophyll

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peroxisomes

Back 23

contain an enzyme that transfers hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen
Produces hydrogen peroxide, converts peroxide to water

Front 24

cytoskeleton

Back 24

network of fibers throughout cytoplasm that organize cell activity and maintain structure

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motor proteins

Back 25

attach to receptors on organelles and walk the organelles along microtubules and filaments.

Front 26

microtubules

Back 26

shape the cell, guide movement of organelles, help separate chromosome copies in dividing cells

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centrosome

Back 27

microtubule organizing center. microtubules grow out and resist compression.
microtubules make up centrioles. numerous centrioles= centrosomes

Front 28

cilia and flagella

Back 28

locomotors with special arrangements of microtubules. share a common ultrastructure. Flagella- undulates like a snake.(Par) Cilia- back and forth motion that propels. (perp)

Front 29

dynein

Back 29

protein responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella. dynein arms of one microtubule doublet push the other one up. restrained by protein, so they bend

Front 30

microfilaments

Back 30

built from molecules of the protein actin, found in microvilli. also contain myosin if they participate in cell motility. contraction of these filaments is how an amoeba moves

Front 31

cytoplasmic streaming

Back 31

form of locomotion created by microfilaments

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intermediate filaments

Back 32

support cell shape, fix organelles in place

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extracellular (outside membrane)

Back 33

help cells work together. plant= cell wall, animal= extracellular matrix. SUPPORT, ADHESION, REGULATION, and MOVEMENT

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extracellular:plant cell wall

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cellulose fibers embedded in other polysaccharides and proteins. may have multiple layers

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extracellular:animal matrix

Back 35

made up of glycoproteins and other macromolecules

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interactions

Back 36

lead to tissues-> organs etc

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(plants)plasmodesmata

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channels that perferate plant cell walls

Front 38

(animals)tight junctions

Back 38

membranes of two cells are tightly bound by proteins. nothing leaks between the two.

Front 39

(animals) desmosomes

Back 39

fasten cells together in firm sheets

Front 40

(animals) gap junctions

Back 40

provide cytoplasmic channels. consists of special membrane proteins that surround a pore