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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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this type of development is growth from the middle and outward. |
proximodistal |
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type of deveopoment is growth from head to toe |
cepholocaudal |
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average weight and height in infancy is ____ lbs and ____ in |
7 lbs 20 inches |
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infants grow ___ inches per month during the first year |
1 |
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during the first year, infants nearly ____ their birthweight |
triple |
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the specialization of function of one hemisphere or the other |
lateralization |
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when little-used neural connections are eliminated |
pruning |
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the _____ view states that the brain has plasticity and is context dependent, and that both biological and environmental factors influence the brain's development |
neuroconstructionist view |
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a typical newborn sleeps about ___ to ___ hours a day |
16 to 17 |
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it is recommended that babies breastfeed for about ___ months |
6 |
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babies need ___ calories a day for each pound they weigh |
50 |
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breathing, rooting, and sucking are examples of ____ reflexes |
survival |
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Moro, palmer, and plantar are examples of ___ reflexes |
primitive |
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skills that involve large-muscle activity are called |
gross-motor skills |
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anything that requires finger dexterity is an example of ___ skills |
fine motor skills |
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when infants look at different things for different periods of time |
visual preference method |
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to determine if an infant can hear or see a stimulus is called an _____ response |
orienting |
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decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations to a stimulus is called |
habituation |
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the recovery of a response after a change in stimulation |
dishabituation |
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this psychologist said that imitation is biological but also creative and adaptive |
meltzoff |
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imitation of behavior after hours or even days |
deferred imitation |
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remembering without conscious recollection |
implicit memory |
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conscious remembering of facts or situations |
explicit memory |
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action or mental representations that organize knowledge |
schemes |
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the grouping of isolated behaviors and thoughts into a higher-ordered system |
organization |
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piaget's 3 processes: |
adaptation, assimilation, and accomodation |
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cognitive conflict in developing schemes |
disquillibrium |
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gained through assimilation and accomodation |
equillibration |
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during the ___ stage intelligence is based on motor actions |
sensorimotor |
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when infants realize that objects exist even when out of sight |
object permanence |
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the tendency for infants to reach for where an object was located earlier rather than where the object was last hidden |
a-not-b-error |
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babies start doing this at 1-2 months |
cooing
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babies start doing this at 6 months |
babbling |
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babies start doing this from 8-12 months |
gesturing |
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the basic sound units of language |
phonemes |
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words the child understands |
receptive vocabulary |
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words the child uses |
spoken vocabulary |
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short, precise words without grammatical markers |
telegraphic speech |
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applying a word to an object that is inappropriate for a word's meaning |
overextension |
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the tendency to apply a word too narrowly |
underextension |
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three types of cries are |
basic, anger, pain |
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this type of smile occurs at about 1 month and is not tied to external stimuli |
reflexive |
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this type of smile occurs at 2 mos and is in response to a stimulus |
social smile |
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this type of fear peaks at 6-9 mos |
stranger anxiety |
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this type of fear peaks at 13-15 mos |
seperation protest |
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individual differences in emotional, motor, and attentional reactivity and self-regualtion |
temperament |
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this type of baby uses the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environemtn |
securely attached |
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babies that avoid the caregiver |
avoidant |
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cling to the caregiver, then resist the caregiver by fighting the closeness |
insecure resistant babies |
