Ch. 7

Front 1

Judiciary Act 1789

Back 1

a landmark statute adopted on September 24, 1789 in the first session of the First United States Congress establishing the U.S. federal judiciary

Front 2

Report on Public Credit

Back 2

The report analyzed the financial standing of the United States of America and made recommendations for the retirement of the national debt. Commissioned by the House of Representatives on September 21, 1789 and presented January 9, 1790, this 140,000-word document was the first proposed federal assumption of debt owed by the states.

Front 3

Report on Manufacturers

Back 3

recommended economic policies to stimulate the new republic's economy and ensure the independence won with the conclusion of the Revolutionary War in 1783.

Front 4

Jay's Treaty

Back 4

After Washington sent John Jay to London to negotiate a list of grievances, he was firmly rejected and the political humiliation became known as Jay's Treaty

Front 5

John Jay

Back 5

the first Chief Justice of the United States/

Front 6

Implied powers

Back 6

a minister (ambassador) to Spain and France, helping to fashion United States foreign policy, and to secure favorable peace terms from Great Britain (with Jay's Treaty of 1794) and the First French Republic.

Front 7

Judicial review

Back 7

the doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review, and possible invalidation, by the judiciary.

Front 8

Strict construction

Back 8

a particular legal philosophy of judicial interpretation that limits or restricts judicial interpretation

Front 9

Federalist party

Back 9

an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816, the era of the First Party System, with remnants lasting into the 1820s. The Federalists controlled the federal government until 1801. The party was formed by Alexander Hamilton

Front 10

Pinckney Treaty

Back 10

Gave America the Miss. River, the right to deposit goods in New Orleans w/o duties, secure northern boundary on 31st parallel, and that Spain would stay out of Indian affairs

Front 11

Whiskey Rebellion

Back 11

a tax protest in Pennsylvania in the 1790s, during the presidency of George Washington. The conflict was rooted in western dissatisfaction with a 1791 excise tax on whiskey.

Front 12

Alexander Hamilton

Back 12

the first United States Secretary of the Treasury

Front 13

Henry Knox

Back 13

a military officer of the Continental Army and later the United States Army, and also served as the first United States Secretary of War.

Front 14

Edmund Randolph

Back 14

the first United States Attorney General.

Front 15

James Madison

Back 15

worked closely with President George Washington to organize the new federal government. Breaking with Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton in 1791, Madison and Thomas Jefferson organized what they called the Republican Party (later called the Democratic-Republican Party)[7] in opposition to key policies of the Federalists, especially the national bank and the Jay Treaty. He secretly co-authored, along with Thomas Jefferson, the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798 to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Front 16

Charles Pinckney

Back 16

made a deal with Spain to establish American rights by signing Pinckney's Treaty

Front 17

Gen. Anthony Wayne

Back 17

Won the Battle of Fallen Timbers against Native Americans, obtaining land in the NW Territory now known as Ohio

Front 18

John Marshall

Back 18

a leader of the Federalist Party.

Front 19

Washington's Farewell Address

Back 19

written to "The People of the United States"[1] near the end of his second term as President of the United States and before his retirement to Horseheads, NY.

Front 20

Thomas Jefferson

Back 20

the cofounder and leader of the Democratic-Republican Party, which dominated American politics for 25 years/first United States Secretary of State (1789–1793), and second Vice President of the United States (1797–1801).

Front 21

XYZ Affair

Back 21

a diplomatic event that strained relations between France and the United States, and led to an undeclared naval war called the Quasi-War. It took place from March of 1798 to 1800.

Front 22

Naturalization Law

Back 22

put a 14 year citizenship probation on republican voting immigrants

Front 23

Election of 1796

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the first contested American presidential election and the only one to elect a President and Vice President from opposing tickets.

Front 24

Election of 1800

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sometimes referred to as the "Revolution of 1800," Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent president John Adams. The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of Republican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party in the First Party System

Front 25

Quasi-War

Back 25

n undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800.

Front 26

Convention of Mortefontaine

Back 26

meeting between the United States of America and France to settle the hostilities that had erupted during the Quasi-War.

Front 27

Treaty of Greenville

Back 27

the Native Americans turned over to the United States large parts of modern-day Ohio, the future site of downtown Chicago,[nb 1][2] the Fort Detroit area, Maumee Ohio Area[3], and the Lower Sandusky Ohio Area[4].

Front 28

Treaty of San Lorenzo

Back 28

established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain.

Front 29

Alien and Sedition Acts

Back 29

four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalists in the 5th United States Congress during an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the Quasi-War. They were signed into law by President John Adams. Proponents claimed the acts were designed to protect the United States from alien citizens of enemy powers and to prevent seditious attacks from weakening the government.

Front 30

Virginia Resolution

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written by Jefferson, said states had the right to decide if acts were Constitutional

Front 31

Kentucky Resolution

Back 31

written by Madison, suggested the protection of citizens by states