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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Somatic cells- |
body cells; make up most of your body tissues and organs
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Gametes-
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sex cells; ova or eggs, in the female, and spermatozoa, or sperm cells, in the male
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Homologous chromosome-
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two chromosomes -one inherited from mother and one from the father- that have the same length and general appearance
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Autosomes-
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chromosomes that contain genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism; in somatic cells
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Sex chromosome-
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directly control the development of sexual characteristics
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Sexual reproduction-
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involves the fusion of two gametes, resulting in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents
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Fertilization-
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fusion of an egg and a sperm cell
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Diploid-
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cell has two copies of each chromosome: one copy from the mother and one from the father; somatic
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Haploid-
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cells that have only one copy of each chromosome; sex chromosome
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Meiosis-
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form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells; sex cells
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Gametogenesis- |
production of gametes
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Sperm-
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male gamete; much smaller than the egg
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Egg-
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female gamete
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Polar bodies-
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cells with little more than DNA that are eventually broken down.
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Trait- |
distinguishing characteristics that are inherited, such as eye color, leaf shape, and tail length
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Genetics-
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the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organisms
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Purebred-
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type of organism whose ancestors are genetically uniform
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Cross-
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the mating of two organisms
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Law of Segregation (Mendel’s first law)-
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organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent
Organisms donate only one copy of each gene on their gametes. Thus, the two copies of each gene segregate, or separate, during gamete formation. |
