Ch 6 Study Guide

Front 1

plasma

Back 1

liquid part of blood

Front 2

blood cells

Back 2

solid part of blood

Front 3

3 types of blood cells

Back 3

erythrocytes - red blood cells, leukocytes - white blood cells, thrombocytes - platelets

Front 4

hemocytoblast

Back 4

stem cell - the beginning of all the blood cells

Front 5

hematopoiesis

Back 5

growing and maturing of all the blood cells

Front 6

erythropoiesis

Back 6

growing and maturing of red blood cells

Front 7

leukopoiesis

Back 7

growing and maturing of white blood cells

Front 8

thrombopoiesis

Back 8

growing and maturing of platelets

Front 9

reticulocyte

Back 9

an immature red blood cell

Front 10

Erythrocytes

Back 10

contain hemoglobin which gives the cell its red color; hemoglobin carries oxygen to the body tissues

Front 11

Leukocytes

Back 11

protect the body against foreign and bacterial substances

Front 12

The 5 kinds of leukocytes are

Back 12

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes

Front 13

Thrombocytes

Back 13

responsible for clotting of blood

Front 14

Plasma

Back 14

allows the chemical communication between all body cells

Front 15

Plasma proteins

Back 15

albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen

Front 16

Blood serum

Back 16

is basically blood plasma without fibrinogen

Front 17

Parts of the Lymph System

Back 17

fluid, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and tonsils

Front 18

Lymph

Back 18

fluid

Front 19

Lymph vessels

Back 19

network of transporting structures

Front 20

Lymph nodes

Back 20

filter

Front 21

Spleen

Back 21

filters, destroys old red blood cells, stores healthy blood cells

Front 22

Thymus

Back 22

changes lymphocytes to T cells

Front 23

Tonsils

Back 23

filter, protect upper respiratory structures, and help with the development of white blood cells

Front 24

two types of lymphocytes in the immune system

Back 24

T cell (from thymus gland) - directly attacks the antigen.
B cell (from bone marrow) - basically produces antibodies, that do the destroying of the antigen.

Front 25

Anemia

Back 25

when the blood has reduced oxygen-carrying capability. Anemia results from decrease in red blood cells, decrease in hemoglobin, or decrease in hematocrit (volume of erythrocytes)

Front 26

When red blood cells are normal, you see the terms:

Back 26

normocytic (normal cell) - normal size
normochromic (normal color) - normal amount of hemoglobin

Front 27

When red blood cells are not normal, you see the terms (3)

Back 27

macrocytic (large cell) - larger than normal
microcytic (small cell) - smaller than normal
hypochromic (low color) - decreased amount of hemoglobin

Front 28

AIDS

Back 28

(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Front 29

HIV

Back 29

(human immunodeficiency virus).

Front 30

AIDS is caused by:

Back 30

HIV

Front 31

Lymphadenopathy

Back 31

disease of lymph glands, the lay/common term is swollen glands

Front 32

Opportunistic infections are

Back 32

infections that normally don't affect healthy people, but people with AIDS will become infected (because of their weakened bodies).

Opportunistic infections is the key of when HIV diagnosis becomes AIDS

Front 33

Two opportunistic infections associated with AIDS are

Back 33

Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Front 34

Autoimmune Diseases

Back 34

The body actually attacks itself, by producing antibodies against antigens found in their own cells, resulting in tissue injury; rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, lupus, myastheia gravis

Front 35

exacerbations

Back 35

flare-up (gets worse)

Front 36

latent periods

Back 36

remissions

Front 37

Edema is

Back 37

basically swelling, from abnormal accumulation of fluids in the spaces between cells (intercellular) in the body.

Front 38

Hemophilia is

Back 38

hereditary condition in which blood does not clot properly

Front 39

Infectious mononucleosis is

Back 39

caused by the Epstein-Barr Virus. The main signs/symptoms you will hear is sore throat, fever and swollen cervical (in the neck) lymph nodes

Some experts believe the Epstein-Barr virus is associated with chronic fatigue syndrome, because a lot of the patients diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome have high levels of EBV antibodies in their blood

Front 40

Allergy is

Back 40

an abnormal acquired immune response to an antigen (allergen), resulting in an allergic response

Front 41

Leukemia

Back 41

cancer of the blood-forming organs (i.e. bone marrow) (excessive increase in white blood cells)

Front 42

Hodgkin's disease

Back 42

cancer of the lymph nodes

Front 43

Rh

Back 43

named after Rhesus monkeys - means there is an antigen on the red blood cell. If the antigen is there, you're positive (i.e. O+) - if the antigen is not there, you're negative. The only time this is a problem, is if the Mom is negative and the baby is positive - her antibodies would destroy the baby's blood - Mothers take RhoGam injections now to destroy those antibodies

Front 44

Plateletpheresis

Back 44

removal of platelets. The donor gives blood - the platelets are removed and given to the sick person needing platelets. The rest of the blood is given back to the donor

Front 45

Plasmapheresis

Back 45

removal of plasma. The donor gives blood - the plasma is removed and given to the sick person needing plasma. The rest of the blood is given back to the donor

Front 46

septicemia

Back 46

bacteria in the blood

Front 47

PTT

Back 47

preoperative screening for bleeding tendencies

Front 48

CBC

Back 48

series of tests that include hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), etc

Front 49

differential count

Back 49

the different kinds of white blood cells are counted and reported as a percentage of the total examined

Front 50

sed rate

Back 50

increase indicates inflammatory disease, cancer, or pregnancy; decrease indicates liver disease

Front 51

CBC

Back 51

complete blood count

Front 52

HCT, Hct

Back 52

hematocrit

Front 53

HGB, Hgb, Hb

Back 53

hemoglobin

Front 54

PT, protime

Back 54

prothrombin time

Front 55

RBC

Back 55

red blood cell

Front 56

WBC

Back 56

white blood cell