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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three main types of IVs?
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physiological, experience, and stimulus or environmental.
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What are physiological independent variables?
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alterations in normal biological state
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what are experience independent variables?
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manipulation of the amount or type of training or learning.
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What are stimulus or environmental independent variables?
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an aspect of the environment that the experimenter manipulates.
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what are the 4 types of DV's?
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behavioral measures, physiological measures, self-report, and implicit.
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What are behavioral measu
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record actual behaviors of subjects
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what are physiological measure DVs?
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physical measure of body functions. typically need special equipment. allows you to make precise measurements of arousal of a subject body.
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What are self report DVs?
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participants report own behavior and state of mind. potentially questionable reliability and validity.
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What are implicit DVs?
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reflects certain attitude that the subject may not be consciously aware about (race, gender, etc)
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What are ways of recording the DV?
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correctness, rate or frequency, degree or amount, and latency or duration
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what are extraneous variables?
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uncontrolled variables that can cause unintended changes between groups
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what are nuisance variables?
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unwanted variables that can cause the variability of scores w/in groups to increase.
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how do EVs and NVs affect the distribution of scores within and between groups?
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they spread out the scores
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what are the 5 basic control techniques?
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randomization, elimination, constancy, balancing, counterbalancing
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what is randomization?
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ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group in an experiment
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what is elimination?
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extraneous variables are completely removed
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what is constancy?
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extraneous variable is reduced to one single variable that is experienced by all participants
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what is counterbalancing?
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a procedure for controlling order effects by presenting different treatment sequences.
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what is within subject counterbalancing?
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presentation of different treatment sequences to same subject
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what is within group counterbalancing?
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presentation of different treatment sequences to different participants
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what is complete counterbalancing?
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all possible treatment sequences presented (measure by n!)
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what is incomplete counterbalancing?
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only a portion of treatment sequences are used using random sampling to determine which ones are used
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what are sequence or order effects?
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SOE depends on where in the sequential presentation of treatments the participants performance is evaluated, not which treatment is experienced.
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what are carryover effects ?
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when effects of one treatment continue to influence response to next treatment
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what are differential carryover effects?
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when the response to one treatment depends on which treatment was administered previously
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which effect does complete counterbalancing not control for?
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differential carryover effect
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