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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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STEREOTYPES
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a "fixed" way of thinking about people in which you classify others into specific categories without much room for individualism or variation. For example, if you believe that Asian people are smarter than other people, you are making a blanket statement that does not allow for some individual variation - such as some Asian people who are not so smart. In this case, you categorize all Asians as having the same characteristic and don't leave open the possibility that some people don't have these characteristics.
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GENDER STEREOTYPES
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THE TRAITS POSSESSED BY FEMALES AND MALES
DISTINGUISH THE 2 GENDERS FROM EACH OTHER |
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GLASS CEILING
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BARRIERS BASED ON ATTITUDINAL OR ORGANIZATIONAL BIAS THAT PREVENT QUALIFIED WOMEN FROM ADVANCING TO TOP LEVEL POSITIONS
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TOKENISM
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EFFECTIVE STRATEGY FOR DETERRING PROTEST BY DISADVANTAGED GROUPS
SERVE THE PURPOSE OF MAINTAINING STATUS QUO ex: "token employee" |
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SEXISM
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REFERS TO PREJUDICE ON THE BASIS OF ONE'S GENDER
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BENEVOLENT SEXISM
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SUGGESTS THAT WOMEN ARE SUPERIOR TO MEN IN VARIOUS WAYS & ARE NECESSARY FOR MEN'S HAPPINESS
ex: women are more nurturing..have better fashion taste |
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HOSTILE SEXISM
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SUGGEST WOMEN ARE A THREAT TO MEN'S POSITION
EX: THEY ARE TRYING TO SEIZE POWER FROM MEN WHICH THEY ARE PERCEIVED AS NOT DESERVING |
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SCHEMAS
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COGNITIVE FRAMEWORKS DEVELOPED THROUGH EXPERIENCE THAT AFFECT THE PROCESSING OF NEW SOCIAL INFORMATION
-easily accessible -strongly influence how social info is processed |
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illusory correlations
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the perception of a stronger association between two variables than actually exists
ex: minorities and crimes |
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out group homogeneity
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the tendency to perceive members of an out group as "all like" or more similar to each other than members of the in-group
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in-group homogeneity
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the tendency to perceive members in our group as more similar to each other than out-group members
tends to occur most among minority group members |
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in group differentiation
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believe that members of own group are more heterogenous
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prejudice
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negative attitudes toward members of specific social groups
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incidental feelings
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-irrelevant to group
-feelings of anger can generate automatic prejudiced responses toward out-groups |
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origins of prejudice
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perceptions of threat
- threat to self esteem or group interests -competition for scarce resources |
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realistic conflict theory
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-Bobo 1983
- view that prejudice stems from direct competition between various social groups over scarce and valued resources -as competition increases, prejudice increases -can be reduced if cooperation is necessary |
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subordinate groups
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goals that can be achieved only by cooperation between groups
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social categorization
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-the us vs. them effect
-people easily divide the social world into us (the in group) vs. them (the out-group) -people in the "us" category are thought of as more favorably |
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ultimate attribution error
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tendency to make more favorable and flattering attributions about members of one's own group
- self serving bias at the group level |
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SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY
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CONCERNED WITH THE CONSEQUENCES OF PERCEIVING THE SELF AS A MEMBER OF A SOCIAL GROUP AND IDENTIFYING WITH IT
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DISCRIMINATION
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DIFFERENTIAL (USUALLY NEGATIVE) BEHAVIORS DIRECTED TOWARD MEMBERS OF DIFFERENT SOCIAL GROUPS
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MODERN RACISM
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MORE SUBTLE BELIEFS THAN BLATANT FEELINGS OF SUPERIORITY
CONSIST PRIMARILY OF THINKING MINORITIES ARE SEEKING AND RECEIVING MORE BENEFITS THAN THEY DESERVE AND A DENIAL THAT DISCRIMINATION AFFECTS THEIR OUTCOMES |
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PRIMING
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getting used to something
like the smell of smoke |
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BONA FIDE PIPELINE
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TECHNIQUE THAT USES PRIMING TO MEASURE IMPLICIT RACIAL ATTITUDES
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AMBIVALENT RACIAL ATTITUDES
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BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FEELINGS ABOUT A MINORITY GROUP
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SOCIAL LEARNING VIEW (OF PREJUDICE)
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THE VIEW THAT PREJUDICE IS ACQUIRED THROUGH DIRECT AND VICARIOUS EXPERIENCES IN MUCH THE SAME MANNER AS OTHER ATTITUDES
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CONTACT HYPOTHESIS
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THE VIEW THAT INCREASED CONTACT BETWEEN MEMBERS OF VARIOUS SOCIAL GROUPS CAN BE EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING PREJUDICE AMONG THEM
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RECATEGORIZATION
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SHIFTS IN THE BOUNDARIES BETWEEN AN IN-GROUP AND SOME OUT GROUP
-PEOPLE IN FORMER OUT GROUP NOW BELONG TO THE IN GROUP AND ARE VIEWED MORE FAVORABLY |
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COMMON IN GROUP IDENTITY MODEL
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SUGGESTS THAT TO THE EXTENT INDIVIDUALS IN DIFFERENT GROUPS VIEW THEMSELVES AS MEMBERS OF A SINGLE SOCIAL ENTITY, INTERGROUP BIAS WILL BE REDUCED
EX: R & D WERE MORE COLLEGIAL AND SAW THEMSELVES COLLECTIVELY AS AMERICANS AFTER 9/11 |
