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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Johnny and Jimmy |
-In 1935, two twin brothers were observed for 22 months to determine a normal progression in motor development -Johnny was given toys and stimulation, practice, and experience in movement activities -Jimmy was given few toys and had minimal movement experience |
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Johnny and Jimmy cont. |
researcher concluded that readiness, practice, attitude, and physical growth were all particularly important factors influencing human movement at an early age |
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Readiness |
The establishment of the minimum characteristics necessary for a particular human behavior to be acquired -depends on an adequate level of physical growth, associated neurological patterns, and sufficient motivation EX: potty training a prime example |
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Level of fixity |
how well it was learned and therefore how easily it can be picked back up |
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Attitude |
reluctance vs. compliance -but did the experiment contribute to "attitude"? |
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Growth |
lower centre of balance better for balance activities |
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Effects of Early Deprivation |
Hopi cradleboards -a subject of research in the 1930's -up until 1 year of age, Hopi babies may be swaddled and tied to a board -legs are extended, arms free -although, these babies were not permitted typical "infants" movements, when free of the board, these infants exhibited the expected movement sequences of non-cradled infants |
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Deprivation Dwarfism |
a negative influence on human growth created by serious deprivation or adverse stimulation Also called: psychosocial dwarfism psychosocial short stature |
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Deprivation Dwarfism cont. |
an emotional disturbance that is registered in the higher centers of the brain -information is conveyed to hypothalmus where growth hormone, somatotropin, is released -when growth is affected, motor development may also be affected |
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Deprivation Dwarfism cont.. |
-infants who are hospitalized for extended periods -fail to gain weight and develop respiratory infections -symptoms disappear when infant is returned home to a more stimulating environment -also occurs in situations where children are not nurtured in a loving and caring environment despite proper and plentiful nutrition |
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Early Deprivation |
Anna -a victim of severe deprivaton due to isolation -left in attic room until six years of age -when discovered she showed signs of minimal intelligence. could not walk or talk, and was extremely malnourished |
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Anna cont. |
-age 8 -vision, hearing normal -mental age was 19 months -social maturity was at 23 months -10 years, Anna was able to walk and run clumsily, string beads, but did not speak in complete sentences -Died at age 11 |
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Critical Period |
-a time of particular or maximum sensitivity to environmental stimuli -if a child is stimulated during the sensitive period, the associated normal behavior is likely to occur |
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Environmental stimulation to be effective |
-Readiness -Specific time limit -Permanent and durable imprint |
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Catch up |
-the human power to "stabilize and return" to a predetermined behavior or growth pattern "after being pushed off trajectory" -associated with physical growth and motor development -degree of catch-up is dependent on -severity -length and time of deprivation -genetic potential will never be fully realized |
