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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intravenous (IV) Access
Indications |
-Fluid and blood replacement
-Drug administration -Obtaining venous blood specimens for lab analysis |
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Central Venous Access
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Veins located deep in the body
Internal jugular, subclavian, femoral -Peripherally inserted -central catheter PICC lines -Larger veins that will not collapse in shock |
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Colloids
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contain proteins that tend to stay in the intravascular space for extended periods of time
:ex- blood plasma |
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Crystalloid
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Most commonly used in prehospital setting
-isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic |
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Macrodrip
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10 or 15 or 20 gtts (drops) = 1 ml (milliliter), for giving large amounts of fluid. Dependant on manufacture
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Microdrip
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60 gtts = 1 ml, for restricting amounts of fluid.
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Blood tubing
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has a filter to prevent clots from blood products from entering the body.
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Measured Volume
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delivers specific volumes of fluids. (Burytols)
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IV Catheters
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-The larger the gauge number , the smaller the catheter diameter
-The longer the cannula the the less the flow rate will be -For rapid fluid replacement- need larger gauge, short catheter for best results |
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18g catheter
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80 ml/min = 4 liters/hour
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16g catheter
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124 ml/min = 7 liters/hour
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14g catheter
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161 ml/min = 9 liters/hour
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IV Therapy Procedures
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-Done enroute to hospital on all trauma patients
-Use crystalloid solutions: must administer 2-3 times the amount of blood lost when treating hypovolemic shock -Appropriate rate is either TKO or fast enough to maintain Systolic BP > 90 mmHg -20 ml/kg is standard BTLS infusion rate for trauma and pediatric patients. |
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Venous Access
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-Peripheral lines in the field
-external jugular veins are considered peripheral lines -Antecubital fossa (AC) preferred site for cardiac arrests and situations where quick access is needed -In infants and children- veins in arms, legs and intraosseous (IO) |
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Factors Affecting IV Flow Rates
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-Constricting band - Not taking off the tourniquet
-Edema at puncture site -Cannula abutting the vein wall or valve -Administration set control -valves closed -IV bag height (place IV bag below level of heart and check for backflow of blood) -Completely filled drip chamber Catheter patency- occlusion of catheter |
