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27 Cards in this Set
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aria
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an elaborate lyrical song for solo voice usually within the opera genre.
Arias are generally reflective of emotional happenings in a movement ex: Dido and Aeneus - Purcell |
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Arioso
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a style of singing and a type of song midway between an aria and a recitative
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basso continuo
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a small ensemble of at least two intruments who provide a foundation for the melody or melodies above. Heard almost exclusively in Baroque music.
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basso ostinato (ground bass)
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a motive or phrase in the bass that is repeated again and again
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concertino
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the group of instruments that function as soloists in a concerto grosso
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concerto grosso
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a three movement concerto of the Baroque era that pits the sound of a small group of soloists (concertino) against that of the full orchestra (tutti)
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harpsicord
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a keyboard instrument, popular during the Baroque era, that provides sound by depressing a key that drives a lever upward and forces a pick to pluck a string. (pre-piano)
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libretto
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the text of an opera
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melodic sequence
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the repetition of a musical motive at successively higher or lower scale degrees.
ex: Vivaldi's "Spring" first movement |
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movement
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a large independent section of a major instrumental work, such as a sonata, dance suite, symphony, quartet, or concerto. Movements are designated in instrumental genres- concerto, sonata (both da camera and da chiesa)
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opera
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a dramatic work in which the actors sing some of all of their parts.
ex: Purcell - Dido and aeneus |
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monteverdi
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composer of the first opera - Orfeo
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opus
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the term adopted by composers to enumerate and identify their compositions
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recitative
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musically heightened speech, often used in an opera, oratorio, or cantata to report dramatic action and advance the plot. (It moves the story along, connects the arias.)
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ritornello
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the italian word for "return" or "refrain" - a short musical passage in a Baroque concerto grosso invariably played by the tutti.
ex: Vivaldi - "Spring" |
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The Seasons
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a collection of 4 solo concerti writen by Vivaldi. Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter. Each concerto has 3 movements.
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secco recitative
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"dry" recitative accompanied only by the harpsicord
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solo concerto
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a concerto in which an orchestra and a single preformer in turn present and develop the musical material in the spirit of harmonious competition
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solo sonata
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a work, usually in three or four movements for keyboard. When another solo melodic instrument played a sonata in the Baroque era it was supported by the basso continuo.
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Sonata da camera
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chamber sonata: a suite for keyboard or small instrumental ensemble made up of individual dance movements.
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sonata de chiesa
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church sonata: a suite for keyboard or small instrumental ensemble made up of movement indicated only by tempo marks such as grave, vivace, adagio. Originally intended to be performed in church.
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terraced dynamics
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a term used to describe the sharp, abrupt dynamic contrasts found in the music of the Baroque era.
ex: Vivaldi "Spring" - dynamic changes heard when music moves from solo to tutti - quiet, loud. |
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toccata
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a one movement composition free in form (not much repetition) originally for solo keyboard but later for instrumental ensemble as well.
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trio sonata
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an ensemble of the Baroque period consisting actually of four performers, two playing upper parts and two n the basso continuo instruments.
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tutti
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(Italian for "all") the full orchestra or full performing force
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viola de gamba (bass viol)
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(precursor to the cello/double bass) the lowest member of the viol family, primarily used in the music of late Renaissance and Baroque eras.
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walking bass
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a bass line that moves at a moderate pace, mostly in equal note values, and often stepwise up or down the scale.
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