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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who is Karl O. Christiansen
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Studied the records of 3,586 twins born between 1881 and and 1910 in Denmark, finding the highest rates of criminal concordence among identical twins; Christiansen acknowledged the possibility of some environmental effect on this finding
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Who is Charles Darwin?
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Author of On the Origin of Species and The Descent of Man; believed that science could offer answers to questions concerning human problems
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Who is Richard Dugdale
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Studied the family history of a fictictuously family, the Jukes; study showed a link between heredity and criminal behavior
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Who is Lee Ellis
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Studied arrest records of juveniles; discovered that ultimately 40 percent of juvenile males in the United States had been arrested; also did studies on the cheater theory
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Arthur H. Estabrook
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eugenicist who revised and expanded Dugan's study of the Jukes; published the The Jukes in 1915
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Hans Eysenck
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psychobiologist who spent years developing a theory crime that asserts that criminals have personalities that differ from noncriminals; Eysenck placed emphasis on the heritability of neurological predisposition for criminality
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William Ferrero
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along with his father-in-law, Cesare Lombroso, was a pioneer in the study of crime committed by women
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Enrico Ferri
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Italian criminologist of the late eighteenth century league of Lombroso who developed positivism into a multiple approach, seeking many different causes for a single criminal strongly opposed to the classical tradition and argued that punishment be tailored to the background and traits of the offenders
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Diana H. Fishbein
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althoug agreeing that twin studies offer some evidence that genetic make-up effects behavior, she argues that genetic influences need to be studied more rigorously
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Sigmund Freud
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associated with traditional psyciatry; founded the psychoanalytic perspective, which is the assumption that the human personality is driven by unconscious forces, many of them related to sexual desires
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Raffaele Garofalo
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Italian criminologist of the early twentienth century who rejected the legal definition of crime for a sociological approach; believed in ridding society of criminal offenders by execution or exile
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Eleanor and Sheldon Glueck
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Well-known criminologists in the middle twentienth century who matched 500 delinquents and nondelinquents, finding delinquents were considerably more mesomorphic than non delinquents and their ranks contained a much lower proportion of ectomorphs
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Henry Goddard
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wroth The Kallikak Family (1912/1955), in which traced two lineages of Martin Kallikak, one legitimate, the other illegitimate, his argument was that this supported genetic determination, but he failed to control for environmental factors
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Charles Goring
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medical officer in the English prisons and author of The English Convict (1913), in which he highlighted biological determinism but crticized Lombroso for relying on observations rather than instruments for measurement
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A.M. Guery
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French social statistician; first to analyze geographic-based data in a search of a relationship between crime and social characteristics
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Earnest Hooton
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Harvard University physical anthropologist who proclaimed criminals to be organically inferior and suggested they be eliminated or completely segregated from society
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John Laub
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along with Robert Sampson, insisted that Sutherland and the sociologists intended to turn the study of crime into an exclusively sociological enterprise (a revisionist view)
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Cesare Lombroso
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nineteenth century Italian physician who adopted a Social Darwinian perspective, maintaining that humans demonstrate different levels of biological development; Lombroso developed the concept of atavism; although none of Lombroso's specific theories are accepted today, he was the first person to apply scientific principles to the study of criminals
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Henry Mayhew
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Englishman who took a sociological approach in analyzing official data and detailed observations; best known representative of statistical school
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Terrie Moffitt
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psychogenic researcher who argues deficiencies, such as neuropsychological deficits, can be associated with law-abiding behavior as well as crime, depending upon the life circumstances of the individual
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Adolphe Quetelet
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known as the "father of modern statistics"; refuted the notion of free will and sought propensities for crime through the analysis of social data
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Robert Sampson
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along with John Laub, insisted that Sutherland and the sociologists intended to turn the study of crime into an exclusively sociological enterprise (a revisionist view)
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William Sheldon
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introduced the concept of consistitutional psychology; found delinquents to be decidely high in mesomorphy and low in ectomorporphy
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Edwin Sutherland
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sociologist who elevated criminology to a respectable status within that disciple; disassociated criminology from biology, psychology, and other disciplines
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