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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evaluations of people, objects, and ideas are called
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attitudes
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Among the many aspects of social life that engage people, one of the most intriguing is how people think about the social world. This area of social psychology is called
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social cognition.
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involves how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information.
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Social cognition
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Thoughts about why people behave the way they do is called
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attributions
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The tendency for observers to overestimate the importance of a person’s traits and underestimate the importance of situations when they seek to explain someone else’s behavior is
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fundamental attribution error
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tends to give external, situational explanations of won behavior: “I’m late with my report because other people keep asking me to help them with their projects.”
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Actor
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tends to give internal, trait explanations of actor’s behavior: “He’s late with his report because he can’t concentrate on his own responsibilities. “
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Observer
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Are the thoughts about why people behave the way they do always logical?
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No
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Two of the most important tendencies in how people make attributions are known as the
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fundamental attribution error and the self-serving bias
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emerges when our self-esteem is threaten
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Self-serving bias
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In self-serving bias, we tend to attribute our successes to
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our own characteristics
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In self-serving bias, we tend to attribute our failures
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to external factors
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Whatever information we gather about a person, we tend to unify it into a
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whole and fill in the missing piece
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A generalization about a group’s characteristics that does not account for variations from one to another is called a
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stereotype
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Emotions
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influence whether and how people apply stereotypes
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Stereotypes produce two very important problems
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1) they lead us to inaccurate perceptions of people
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Stereotypes produce two very important problems
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2) they may lead us to develop negative attitudes toward whole groups of people.
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The process of acting in a way that presents a desired image is called
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impression management (self-presentation)
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Impressions are a two way street
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while you are making impressions of someone, that person is probably trying to make an impression
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If you want to make good impressions what should you do?
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Nonverbal cues like facial expressions, patterns of eye contact, body posture, and gestures are key elements of self-presentation
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