Ch 5 Vocabulary

Front 1

Acne

Back 1

skin condition due to infected sebaceous glands

Front 2

albinism

Back 2

genetic disorder that affects the skin, in which there is no melanin production

Front 3

anagen

Back 3

active phase of the hair growth cycle

Front 4

apocrine sweat gland

Back 4

type of sweat gland that is associated with hair follicles in the armpits and genital regions

Front 5

arrector pili

Back 5

smooth muscle that is activated in response to external stimuli that pull on hair follicles and make the hair "stand up"

Front 6

basal cell

Back 6

type of stem cell found in the stratum basale and in the hair matrix that continually undergoes cell division, producing the keratinocytes of the epidermis

Front 7

basal cell carcinoma

Back 7

cancer that originates from basal cells in the epidermis of the skin

Front 8

bedsore

Back 8

sore on the skin that develops when regions of the body start necrotizing due to constant pressure and lack of blood supply; also called decubitus ulcers

Front 9

callus

Back 9

thickened area of skin that arises due to constant abrasion

Front 10

catagen

Back 10

transitional phase marking the end of the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle

Front 11

corn

Back 11

type of callus that is named for its shape and the elliptical motion of the abrasive force

Front 12

cortex

Back 12

in hair, the second or middle layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb

Front 13

cuticle

Back 13

in hair, the outermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb

Front 14

dermal papilla

Back 14

extension of the papillary layer of the dermis that increases surface contact between the epidermis and dermis

Front 15

dermis

Back 15

layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, composed mainly of connective tissue and containing blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures

Front 16

desmosome

Back 16

structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells

Front 17

eccrine sweat gland

Back 17

type of sweat gland that is common throughout the skin surface; it produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation

Front 18

eczema

Back 18

skin condition due to an allergic reaction, which resembles a rash

Front 19

elastin fibers

Back 19

fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis

Front 20

eleiden

Back 20

clear protein-bound lipid found in the stratum lucidum that is derived from keratohyalin and helps to prevent water loss

Front 21

epidermis

Back 21

outermost tissue layer of the skin

Front 22

eponychium

Back 22

nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body, also called the cuticle

Front 23

external root sheath

Back 23

outer layer of the hair follicle that is an extension of the epidermis, which encloses the hair root

Front 24

first-degree burn

Back 24

superficial burn that injures only the epidermis

Front 25

fourth-degree burn

Back 25

burn in which full thickness of the skin and underlying muscle and bone is damaged

Front 26

glassy membrane

Back 26

layer of connective tissue that surrounds the base of the hair follicle, connecting it to the dermis

Front 27

hair

Back 27

kertinous filament growing out of the epidermis

Front 28

hair bulb

Back 28

structure at the base of the hair root that surrounds the dermal papilla

Front 29

hair follicle

Back 29

cavity or sac from which hair originates

Front 30

hair matrix

Back 30

layer of basal cells from which a strand of hair grows

Front 31

hair papilla

Back 31

mass of connective tissue, blood capillaries, and nerve endings a the base of the hair follicle

Front 32

hair root

Back 32

part of hair that is below the epidermis but is not anchored to the follicle

Front 33

hair shaft

Back 33

part of hair that is above the epidermis but is not anchored to the follicle

Front 34

hypodermis

Back 34

connective tissue connecting the integument to the underlying bone and muscle

Front 35

hyponychium

Back 35

thickened layer of stratum corneum that lies below the free edge of the nail

Front 36

integumentary system

Back 36

skin and its accessory structures

Front 37

internal root sheath

Back 37

innermost layer of keratinocytes in the hair follicle that surround the hair root up to the hair shaft

Front 38

keloid

Back 38

type of scar that has layers raised above the skin surface

Front 39

keratin

Back 39

type of structural protein that gives skin, hair, and nails its hard, water-resistant properties

Front 40

keratinocyte

Back 40

cell that produces keratin and is the most predominant type of cell found in the epidermis

Front 41

keratohyalin

Back 41

granulated protein found in the stratum granulosum

Front 42

Langerhans cell

Back 42

specialized dendritic cell found in the stratum spinosum that functions as a macrophage

Front 43

lunula

Back 43

basal part of the nail body that consists of a crescent-shaped layer of thick epithelium

Front 44

medulla

Back 44

in hair, the innermost layer of kertinocytes originating from the hair matrix

Front 45

Meissner corpuscle

Back 45

receptor in the skin that responds to light touch

Front 46

melanin

Back 46

pigment that determines the color of hair and skin

Front 47

melanocyte

Back 47

cell found in the stratum basale of the epidermis that produces the pigment melanin

Front 48

melanoma

Back 48

type of skin cancer that originates from the melanocytes of the skin

Front 49

melanosome

Back 49

intercellular vesicle that transfers melanin from melanocytes into keratinocytes of the epidermis

Front 50

Merkel cell

Back 50

receptor cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis that responds to the sense of touch

Front 51

metastasis

Back 51

spread of cancer cells from a source to other parts of the body

Front 52

nail bed

Back 52

layer of epidermis upon which the nail body forms

Front 53

nail body

Back 53

main keratinous plate that forms the nail

Front 54

nail cuticle

Back 54

fold of epithelium that extends over the nail bed, also called the eponychium

Front 55

nail fold

Back 55

fold of the epithelium at that extend over the sides of the nail body, holding it in place

Front 56

nail root

Back 56

part of the nail that is lodged deep in the epidermis from which the nail grows

Front 57

Pacinian corpuscle

Back 57

receptor in the skin that responds to vibration

Front 58

papillary layer

Back 58

superficial layer of the dermis, made of loose, areolar connective tissue

Front 59

reticular layer

Back 59

deeper layer of the dermis; it has a reticulated appearance due to the presence of abundant collagen and elastin fibers

Front 60

rickets

Back 60

disease in children caused by vitamin D deficiency, which leads to the weakening of bones

Front 61

scar

Back 61

collagen-rich skin formed after the process of wound healing that is different from normal skin

Front 62

sebaceous gland

Back 62

type of oil gland found in the dermis all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair by secreting sebum

Front 63

sebum

Back 63

oily substance that is composed of a mixture of lipids that lubricates the skin and hair

Front 64

second-degree burn

Back 64

partial-thickness burn that injures the epidermis and a portion of the dermis

Front 65

squamous cell carcinoma

Back 65

type of skin cancer that originates from the stratum spinosum of the epidermis

Front 66

stratum basale

Back 66

deepest layer of the epidermis, made of epidermal stem cells

Front 67

stratum corneum

Back 67

most superficial layer of the epidermis

Front 68

stratum granulosum

Back 68

layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum spinosum

Front 69

stratum lucidum

Back 69

layer of the epidermis between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, found only in thick skin covering the palms, soles of the feet and digits

Front 70

stratum spinosum

Back 70

layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum basale, characterized by the presence of desmosomes

Front 71

stretch mark

Back 71

mark formed on the skin due to a sudden growth spurt and expansion of the dermis beyond its elastic limits

Front 72

sudoriferous gland

Back 72

sweat gland

Front 73

telogen

Back 73

resting phase of the hair growth cycle initiated with catagen and terminated by the beginning of a new anagen phase of hair growth

Front 74

third-degree burn

Back 74

burn that penetrates and destroys the full thickness of the skin (epidermis and dermis)

Front 75

vitamin D

Back 75

compound that aids absorption of calcium annd phosphates in the intestine to improve bone health

Front 76

vitiligo

Back 76

skin condition in which melanocytes in certain areas lose the ability to produce melanin, possibly due an autoimmune reaction that leads to loss of color in patches