Ch 5 Vocab

Front 1

axial skeleton

Back 1

the bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body

Front 2

appendicular skeleton

Back 2

the bones of the limbs and girdles

Front 3

skeletal system

Back 3

joints, cartilages, ligaments, and bones

Front 4

compact bone

Back 4

type of bone that is dense and looks smooth and homogeneous

Front 5

spongy bone

Back 5

type of bone that is composed of small needle-like pieces of bone and lots of open space

Front 6

long bone

Back 6

mostly a compact bone that is longer than they are wide

Front 7

short bone

Back 7

generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone

Front 8

flat bone

Back 8

thin, flattened, and usually curved

Front 9

irregular bone

Back 9

bones that do not fit, ie.-the vertebrae or hip bones

Front 10

diaphysis

Back 10

make up most of the bone's length and is composed of compact bone

Front 11

peristeum

Back 11

a fibrous connective membrane that covers and protects the diaphysis

Front 12

epiphysis

Back 12

the ends of long bone

Front 13

articular cartilage

Back 13

covers the external surface of the diaphysis

Front 14

epiphyseal line/ epiphyseal plane

Back 14

a thin line of bony tissue spanning the epiphysis

Front 15

yellow marrow/ medullary cavity

Back 15

the cavity of the shaft that is a storage area for adipose tissue

Front 16

red marrow

Back 16

place where blood cells are formed

Front 17

osteocytes

Back 17

mature bone cells that are found in tiny cavities within the matrix

Front 18

lacunae

Back 18

tiny cavities within the matrix where the osteocytes are found

Front 19

lamellae

Back 19

the concentric circle arrangement that the lacunae is in

Front 20

central (Haversian) canals

Back 20

canals that the lamellae is arranged around

Front 21

osteon or Haversian system

Back 21

a system of interconnecting canals in the microscopic of adult compact bone

Front 22

perforating (Volkmann's)canals

Back 22

run into the compact bone at right angles to the shaft

Front 23

canaliculi

Back 23

tiny canals that radiate outward from the central canals to all lacunae

Front 24

ossification

Back 24

the process of bone bone formation using hyaline cartilage structures as their "models"

Front 25

osteoblasts

Back 25

when the hyaline cartilage model is completely covered with bone matrix by bone-forming cells

Front 26

osteoclasts

Back 26

giant bone-destroying cells in bones, to break down bone matrix and release calcium ions into the blood

Front 27

fractures

Back 27

breaks

Front 28

closed (simple) fractures

Back 28

the bone breaks cleanly but doesn't penetrate the skin

Front 29

open (compound) fractures

Back 29

the broken bone ends penetrate through the skin

Front 30

cranium

Back 30

composed of eight large flat; the skull bones

Front 31

fontanels

Back 31

fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones in babies

Front 32

odontoid process (dens)

Back 32

acts as the pivot point on the second cervical vertebrae

Front 33

joints or articulations

Back 33

hold the bones together and give the rigid skeleton mobility

Front 34

synarthroses

Back 34

immovable joints

Front 35

amphiarthroses

Back 35

movable joints

Front 36

diarthroses

Back 36

freely movable joints

Front 37

fibrous joints

Back 37

the bones are united by fibrous tissue

Front 38

syndesmoses

Back 38

connecting fibers are longer then those of sutures

Front 39

cartilaginous joints

Back 39

joints where bone ends are connected by cartilage

Front 40

synovial joint

Back 40

the articulating bone ends are separated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid

Front 41

bursae

Back 41

flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid

Front 42

tendon sheath

Back 42

elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon subjected to friction

Front 43

plane joint

Back 43

articular surfaces are flat, and only short slipping or gliding movements are allowed

Front 44

nonaxial

Back 44

movement of plane joints

Front 45

hinge joint

Back 45

cylindrical end of one bone fits into a trough-shaped on another bone

Front 46

uniaxial

Back 46

allow movement around one axis

Front 47

pivot joint

Back 47

rounded end of one bone fits into a sleeve or ring of bone

Front 48

condyloid joint

Back 48

egg-shaped articular surface of one bone fits into an oval concavity in another

Front 49

biaxial

Back 49

a movement that occurs around two axis

Front 50

saddle joints

Back 50

each articular surface has both convex and concave areas

Front 51

ball-and-socket joint

Back 51

spherical head of one bone fits into a round socket in another

Front 52

multiaxial

Back 52

a movement in all axes

Front 53

arthritis

Back 53

inflammatory or degenerative disease that damage the joints

Front 54

osteoarthritis

Back 54

most common form of arthritis, is a chronic degenerative condition that typically affects the aged

Front 55

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 55

a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the ages of 40 and 50

Front 56

gauty arthritis or gout

Back 56

a disease in which uric acid accumulates in the blood and may be deposited as needle-shaped crystals in teh soft tissue of joints

Front 57

osteoporosis

Back 57

a bone-thinning disease that afflicts half of women over 65 and some 20 percent of men over the age of 70