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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Circulation in protozoans
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movement of gases and nutrients by simple diffusion within cell
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Circulation in cnidarians
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-ex. hydra
-have body walls two cells thick -cells in direct contact with each other so no specialized circulatory system |
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Circulation in arthropods
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-open circulatory system in which blood is in direct contact with body tissues
-blood flows through dorsal vessel to spaces called sinuses where exchange occurs |
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Circulation in annelids
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-ex. earthworm
-closed circulatory system -move toward head in dorsal vessel -lack RBC but have hemoglobin-like pigment in aq solution |
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Aortic loops
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five pairs of vessels that connect dorsal vessel to ventral vessel & function as pumps
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Circulation in Humans
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-contains muscular, four chambered heart, network of blood vessels, & blood
-oxygenated blood from left ventricle to aorta to arteries to arterioles then into capillaries to venules to veins -deoxygenated blood through inferior and superior vena cava to heart->right atrium to right ventricle to pulmonary arteries to lungs to pick up oxygen, return to heart-enter left atrium then left ventricle |
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Right side of heart
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pump deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation towards lungs
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Left side of heart
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pump oxygenated blood into systemic circulation throughout the body
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Atria
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upper chambers of the heart that are thin walled
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Ventricle
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lower chambers of the heart that are extremely muscular
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Types of blood vessels
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-arteries
-veins -capillaries |
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Arteries
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-thick walled, muscular, elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from heart except pulmonary arteries that pump deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
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Veins
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-thin walled, inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood towards heart except pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
-blood flow depends on compression of skeletal muscles instead of pumping of heart -venous circulation at odds with gravity |
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Capillaries
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-thin walled
-composed of endothelial cells -smallest diameter of the three vessels -RBCs pass by single file |
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Lymphatic system
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-its vessels transport excess interstitial fluid, called lymph, to cardiovascular system
-lymph nodes containing leukocytes remove foreign particles |
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Blood in human body
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4-6 liters of blood
has liquid(plasma) and cellular(erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets)component |
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Erythrocytes
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-red blood cells
-carrying carrying -contains about 250 million molecules of hemoglobin which binds upto 4 mol of oxygen(oxyhemglobin) -has biconcave, disklike shape for surface area and flexibility for movement -formed from stem cells in bone marrow -circulate for about 120 days after phagocytized by cells in spleen and liver |
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Leukocytes
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-white blood cells
-larger than RBCs -serve protective functions -some WBCs migrate from blood to tissue forming macrophages or lymphocytes |
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Macrophages
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stationary cells in tissues
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Lymphocytes
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WBCs involved in immune response and production of antibodies(B cells) or cytolysis of infected cells(T cells)
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Platelets
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cell fragments that lack nuclei and involved in clot formation/injury repair
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Functions of circulatory system
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-Transport of gases(oxygen to tissue and carbon dioxide from tissue)
-Transport of nutrients and wastes to capillaries -Clotting by thromboplastin containing calcium and vit K(prothrombin->thrombin->fibrinogen->fibrin) |
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Humoral Immunity
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-production of antibodies(immunoglobins,Igs) following exposure of antigen
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Nonspecific defense mechanism
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-during inflammatory response, histamine is released causing blood vessels to dilate
-proteins called interferons produced during viral attack to prevent spread of virus |
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Red blood cell antigens
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ABO group and Rh factor
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Type A blood
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has A antigent
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Type AB blood
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universal recipient, has neither anti-A or anti-B antibodies
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Type O blood
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universal donor
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Rh factor
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during pregnancy Rh+ fetus with Rh- mother can cause erythroblastosis fetalis(anemia for baby)
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