Ch. 5 The Skeletal System

Front 1

Human Skeleton

Back 1

begins to form about 6 weeks after fertilization and continues to grow and develop until the person is 25 years old.

Front 2

Approximately how many bones?

Back 2

206 bones, but can vary

Front 3

-algia

Back 3

suffix; pain

Front 4

amphi-

Back 4

prefix; both sides

Front 5

ankyl/o

Back 5

root; stiff, fused, closed

Front 6

arthr/o

Back 6

root; joint

Front 7

brachi/o

Back 7

root; arm

Front 8

calcane/o

Back 8

root; calcaneus, heel bone

Front 9

carp/o

Back 9

wrist

Front 10

cervic/o

Back 10

root; neck

Front 11

cheir/o

Back 11

root; hand

Front 12

chondr/o

Back 12

root; cartilage

Front 13

cost/o

Back 13

rib

Front 14

crani/o

Back 14

cranium

Front 15

dactyl/o

Back 15

finger, toe

Front 16

-desis

Back 16

suffix; stabilize or fuse

Front 17

-ectomy

Back 17

suffix; removal of, excision of

Front 18

electr/o

Back 18

root; electricity

Front 19

femur/o

Back 19

root; femur, thighbone

Front 20

-gram

Back 20

suffix; written record of

Front 21

humer/o

Back 21

root; humerus, upper arm bone

Front 22

-itis

Back 22

suffix; inflammation

Front 23

kinesi/o

Back 23

root; movement

Front 24

-kinesia

Back 24

suffix; movement

Front 25

kyph/o

Back 25

root; hump

Front 26

-logy

Back 26

suffix; study of

Front 27

lord/o

Back 27

root; swayback, curve

Front 28

lumb/o

Back 28

root; lower back

Front 29

-malacia

Back 29

suffix; softening

Front 30

my/o, muscul/o

Back 30

root; muscle

Front 31

myel/o

Back 31

root; bone marrow

Front 32

-oma

Back 32

suffix; tumor

Front 33

orth/o

Back 33

root; correct, straight

Front 34

os/te/o

Back 34

root; bone

Front 35

ped/o

Back 35

root; foot, child

Front 36

pelv/o

Back 36

root; pelvis

Front 37

phalang/o

Back 37

root; bones of fingers and toes

Front 38

-physis

Back 38

suffix; to grow

Front 39

-plasty

Back 39

suffix; surgical repair

Front 40

-porosis

Back 40

suffix; porous

Front 41

-scopy

Back 41

suffix; to visually examine

Front 42

spondyl/o, vertebra/o

Back 42

root; vertebrae

Front 43

syn-

Back 43

prefix; joined together

Front 44

thorac/o

Back 44

root; thorax, chest

Front 45

zygo-

Back 45

prefix; joined (yoked) together

Front 46

What does the skeleton serve as?

Back 46

A rigid but articulating framework for muscles and other tissues. It also protects our vital organs by forming a shield against bumps and such.

Front 47

The two parts to the skeleton:

Back 47

Axial and appendicular

(adjective words for axis and appendix)

Front 48

Axial Skeleton

Back 48

has an axis running form the middle of the top of your head to the bottom of your spine.

Includes: bones of the skull, chest, and spinal column

Front 49

Appendicular Skeleton

Back 49

comprises the arms and legs, along with the shoulder and pelvic bones.

appendix (attached to something else)

Front 50

Ligaments

Back 50

comes from latin word ligamentum, meaning a tie or binding.

they "tie" bones together

Front 51

Tendons

Back 51

latin verb, tendere; means to stretch

Front 52

Joints

Back 52

are simply the places where bones come together

Front 53

Ossification

Back 53

to form bone- occurs during the second and third month of fetal development as cartilage hardens and turns into bone

Front 54

What kind of tissue is bone made up of?

Back 54

osseous tissue; which consist of special mature bone cells osteocytes

Front 55

Diaphysis

Back 55

Shaft of the long bone

Front 56

Epiphysis

Back 56

name given to each end of the long bone

Front 57

Medullary Cavity

Back 57

inside of the diaphysis; because it's a cavity it is hollow

medullary means that the cavity contains marrow

Front 58

Most bones are covered with what kind of membrane?

Back 58

periosteum

Front 59

Endosteum

Back 59

the inner surface of the medullary cavity is lined with a thin layer of cells called

Front 60

Axial skeleton composed of:

Back 60

cranial

facial

thoracic

spinal

Front 61

Six main cranial bones

Back 61

frontal

two parietal

two temporal

occipital

Front 62

The cranial bones are joined by:

Back 62

sutures; which are fibrous membranes that join them

Front 63

Facial bones are:

Back 63

nasal

two zygomatic

maxilla

mandible

Front 64

Nasal bone

Back 64

from the bridge of the nose

Front 65

zygomatic bones

Back 65

form the cheeks

Front 66

maxilla

Back 66

upper jawbone

Front 67

mandible

Back 67

lower jawbone

Front 68

Thoracic includes:

Back 68

sternum

ribs

associated cartilage known: thoracic cage

(breastplate)

Front 69

thoracic cage

Back 69

two major organs inside the thoracic cage are the heart and lungs

Front 70

posterior (back) rib pairs are attached:

Back 70

to their correspondingly numbered vertebrae

Front 71

all but the last two anterior (front) ribs are attached:

Back 71

to the sternum (flat bone in the chest)

Front 72

The last two rib pairs:

Back 72

floats" which means they are attached only to the vertebrae

Front 73

xiphoid process

Back 73

lower end of the sternum with a bony dagger like projection

Front 74

floating ribs

Back 74

ribs 11 and 12; costa fluctuantes

Front 75

Costa spuriae

Back 75

false ribs; rib pairs 8,9,10 with 11 and 12

Front 76

Costa verae

Back 76

true ribs; first seven pairs

Front 77

Spinal column includes:

Back 77

five sections of vertebrae

naming of a vertebra consists of a prefix letter (C cervical, T thoracic, L lumbar) flowing a number indicating the placement on the column

Front 78

sacrum

Back 78

joined to the hip bones and is part of the pelvic girdle

Front 79

Appendicular Skeleton

Back 79

consists of the body appendages; arms and legs and the areas to which these appendages are attached; the shoulder and pelvic girdles

Front 80

Main bones of the shoulder girdle

Back 80

clavicle (collarbone) and scapula (shoulder blade)

Front 81

Humerus

Back 81

the long bone extending from the shoulder and ending at the elbow

Front 82

Forearm consists of:

Back 82

ulna and radius, which extend from the elbow down to the wrist

Front 83

Wrist

Back 83

includes eight bones called carpals; from greek word karpos; meaning wrist

Front 84

metacarpals

Back 84

beyond the carpals, connecting the wrist to the fingers

Front 85

phalanges

Back 85

are the bones that make up the fingers and toes (phalanx; line of soldiers)

Front 86

Pelvic Girdle

Back 86

named because it surrounds and protects the pelvic organs; consists of two hip bones; sacrum;

Front 87

Hip Bone

Back 87

aka coax; fusion of three bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis

Front 88

Femur

Back 88

latin for thigh; long bone that extends from the hip to the knee

Front 89

Tibia

Back 89

is a long bone that extend from the knee to the ankle; latin for shin; shine bone or heavy bone of the lower leg

Front 90

Fibula

Back 90

latin word figibula; meaning "fastner" does not bear the body's weight, but together with the tibia, it is connected to the talus (ankle bone)

Front 91

Patella

Back 91

kneecap; is a "floating" bone that is imbedded in the tendon of the thigh muscle. It offers protection to the knee joint

Front 92

Tarsus

Back 92

greek torsos, flat surface; is sometimes used as a technical name for the ankle

Front 93

Tarsals and Metatarsals

Back 93

of the ankle and foot correspond with the carpal and metacarpal bones of the wrist and hand

Front 94

Medial and lateral malleolus

Back 94

bony protrusions at the distal end of the fibula (ankle bones) but really part of the tibia and fibula

Front 95

Calcaneus

Back 95

heel bone; one of the larger bones in the foot