Ch. 5 Terms For The Unfinished Nation --- Ap History

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Marquis de Lafayette

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a young French military expert - came to aid the American cause before France had allied with them

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Baron von Steuben

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A Prussian military expert that helped George Washington coordinate the American Army

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Bunker Hill

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actually fought on Breeds hill -- June 17, 1775
Patriots lost many troops and withdrew but the British had lost more men

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Loyalists

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People who believed that the U.S. should stay dependent on Britain - usually had ties to Britain - Ex: merchants who depended on British trade, appointed gov. officials

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Benedict Arnold

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1780 - it was discovered Benedict Arnold was committing treason - he was planning to betray a 'patriot stronghold' - West Point - he believed there was no chance of an American victory

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Richard Montgomery

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was once in the British army but became a leader in the patriot army once the revolution began -- was killed in Quebec during phase 1 of the revolution -- led the attack on Quebec with Benedict Arnold

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William Howe

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British military leader - through the 1st and 2nd phases of the revolution responsible for nearly all British attacks during this time - unsuccessful in his attempts (ruined the attack on Albany) (replaced by Sir Henry Clinton 1778)

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John Burgoyne

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was part of the British strategy to divide America by conquering Albany - he was supposed to meet Howe at Albany but Howe never arrived and Burgoyne was defeated twice then he moved to Saratoga where General Horatio Gates ended up surrounding him - Burgoyne surrendered

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Valley Forge

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1776 x-mas night George Washington crossed the Delaware river from Valley Forge and managed to occupy and take Trenton and Princeton -- they were unable to hold them but it showed their capability

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Barry St. Leger

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Colonel in the British Army - separated from Burgoyne to go down the st. Lawrence River while Burgoyne went down the down the Hudson valley the patriots held off St. Leger's forces so Benedict Arnold could stop St. Leger's forces from entering the Mohawk valley causing Burgoyne's loss of the battle at Oriskany (1777)

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Oriskany

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Patriots defeated St. Leger and Burgoyne's forces in the town of Oriskany NY on August 6th 1777

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Horatio Gates

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General in the Patriot forces - surrounded Burgoyne's forces caused him to officially surrender in Saratoga

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Saratoga

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Burgoyne's forces were retreating from Bennington VT and Oriskany NY when they were surrounded by Gate's forces and Burgoyne surrendered

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Joseph and Mary Brant

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Mohawk brother and sister that allied with the British during the war even though most Iroquois did not take sides

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John Sullivan

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Patriot Commander - retaliated against Native American attacks by destroying villages - many Iroquois fled to Canada

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Count de Vergennes

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The french ambassador who met with Benjamin Franklin to discuss France becoming an ally of America --
Saratoga convinced him that the Americans had a chance at winning -- France became an ally

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Henry Clinton

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Sir Henry Clinton - replaced Howe as commander of the British side of the revolutionary war
he led the british down south where he thought he would find more loyalists

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George Rogers Clark

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led a patriot expedition over the Appalachian mts. - near Illinois
captured settlements of British and Indian allies of the British

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Thomas Sumter

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A leader of a group of southern patriots - often referred to as swamp foxes - launched attacks on British using guerrilla warfare

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Andrew Pickens

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A leader of a group of southern patriots - often referred to as swamp foxes - launched attacks on British using guerrilla warfare

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Francis Marion

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A leader of a group of southern patriots - often referred to as swamp foxes - launched attacks on British using guerrilla warfare

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Lord Cornwallis

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Clinton named Cornwallis British commander in the south (basically controlled the entire 3rd part of the Revolutionary War) surrendered to the Americans in 1781.

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Nathanael Greene

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After Gates' began to lose the south to the British Greene (one of the best generals of his time) replaced him he led the patriots to victory in 1781.

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Camden

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The last British victory under the general Horatio Gates who was -- after losing this battle -- replaced by Nathanael Greene

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Cowpens

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Cornwallis was defeated by Nathanael Greene avoided open and conventional battle while he surprised and confused the British

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Yorktown

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The last battle of the revolutionary war Cornwallis surrendered to Nathanael Greene in 1781.

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Lord Shelburne

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Succeeded Lord North as Prime minister of Britain. Lord North resigned after the loss of the colonies

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John Jay

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An American diplomat along with Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams. Discussed the treaty of Paris in France.

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Treaty of Paris

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treaty that ended the revolutionary war gave America (Sept. 3rd 1783) gave america independence, area from the Atlantic to the Mississippi to the Florida border to the Canadian border and immediate removal of British forces

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Chief Dragging Canoe

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during the summer of 1776 Chief Dragging Canoe (Cherokee) led a series of attacks. The military retaliated and either drove the Native Americans over the Mississippi or made them give up more land to the whites

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"Remember the Ladies"

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A plea by Abigail Adams to include women in the founding father's definition of all me created equal

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Republicanism

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a government where all power comes from the people

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Statue of Religious Liberty

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1786 enacted by Virginia -- called for a separation of church and state -- written by Thomas Jefferson

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Northwest Ordinance of 1787

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1787 - decided Ohio would be divided into 3- 5 territories and that once a population of 60,000 was reached it was allowed statehood -- guaranteed freedom of religions and right to trial also prohibited slavery

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Little Turtle

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1790 - 1791 the Miami Indians (led by Little Turtle) defeated the U.S. forces in two battles -- did not allow negotiations to be made unless the whites refused to move past the Ohio river -- so Anthony Wayne led 4,000 soldiers to defeat them in the battle of Fallen Timbers

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Anthony Wayne

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After the attacks from the Miami Indians, led by Little Turtle, he was sent with 4,000 soldiers to get rid of the problem -- he succeeded

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Battle of Fallen Timbers

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The battle in which the Miami Indians were defeated by Anthony Wayne (1794)

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Treaty of Greenville

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1795 - Miami Indians signed the treaty of Greenville - gave U.S. new land but formally acknowledged the land that the Miami Indians held after the treaty

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Robert Morris

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Suggested a 5% tax be placed on incoming goods during the year 1781(supported by James Madison and Alexander Hamilton) the Idea was rejected because the people worried it would put too much power in Morris' hands it was rejected again in 1783

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Alexander Hamilton

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Was the young understudy of Robert Morris the head of the Confederation's treasury -- also supported the 5% tax on imports

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Continental impost

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The name of the 5% tax Robert Morris, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton wanted to put on imports

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Daniel Shays

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a former captain in the continental army - led Shay's Rebellion which demanded paper money, tax relief, and no imprisonment for debt (also debt that expended in case of death)

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Shays Rebellion

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Summer of 1786, prevented debt collection, used force to prevent courts from working, and sheriffs from selling confiscated land. Winter of 1787 militia men came and broke up the rebellion. technically it failed but some concessions were offered to farmers and tax collection was postponed

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Job Shattuck

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Also a leader in Shay's rebellion --