Ch 5 Ss

Front 1

frescoes

Back 1

paintings made on wet plaster walls

Front 2

polis

Back 2

Greek word for city-state, which developed around a central fort.

Front 3

acropolis

Back 3

A high hill that marked the
center of ancient Athens.

Front 4

agora

Back 4

Marketplace in a city-state in
Greece.

Front 5

Minoans

Back 5

Earliest Greek civilization that had developed on the island of Crete by 2000 B.C.

Front 6

Mycenaeans

Back 6

civilization on the Greek mainland that conquered the Minoans in Crete in about 1400 B.C.

Front 7

myths

Back 7

Traditional stories about gods, goddesses, and heroes.

Front 8

oracles

Back 8

Special places where the ancient Greeks believed gods spoke through priests and priestesses.

Front 9

aristocracies

Back 9

Greek city-states controlled
by nobles.

Front 10

hoplite

Back 10

Heavily armed Greek infantry who carried long spears and fought in closely spaced rows.

Front 11

tyrants

Back 11

In ancient Greece, rulers who seized power by force but who ruled with the people’s support; later came to refer to rulers who exercise brutal and oppressive power.

Front 12

popular government

Back 12

Idea that people can and should rule themselves.

Front 13

democracy

Back 13

Government in which citizens take part.

Front 14

Iliad

Back 14

Homer’s great epic that tells the story of the Trojan War.

Front 15

Odyssey

Back 15

Homer’s epic that tells the story of the Greek hero Odysseus on his way home from the Trojan War.

Front 16

Homer

Back 16

a blind poet that wrote the two epics:Iliad and the Odyssey

Front 17

Olympic Games

Back 17

Originally, ancient Greek festival including contests of sports, music, and literature; the modern revival of these games as international athletic competitions.

Front 18

helots

Back 18

Conquered people of the Peloponnesus, who became the
lowest class in Spartan society.

Front 19

ephors

Back 19

Five officials in ancient Sparta who were elected for one-year terms to make sure the king stayed within the law.

Front 20

metics

Back 20

People living in Athens who were not Athenian citizens, who could work and who paid taxes but were not allowed to own land or take part in government.

Front 21

archons

Back 21

Rulers in ancient Athens who
served one-year terms.

Front 22

direct democracy

Back 22

Form of democracy in
which all citizens participate directly in
making decisions.

Front 23

representative democracy

Back 23

Form of gov- ernment in which citizens elect repre- sentatives to run the government for them, rather than each citizen serving directly in the government

Front 24

Draco

Back 24

archon,is believed to have created Athens’s first written law code around 621 B.C. Draco’s laws were so harsh and severe that today we call a harsh law a Draconian law.

Front 25

Solon

Back 25

who became an archon in 594 B.C., settled the disputes between creditors and debtors by erasing the debts of the poor and outlawing slavery for debt.

Front 26

Peisistratus

Back 26

ruled over athens as a tyrant and clashed with nobles

Front 27

Cleisthenes

Back 27

seized power in Athens and tuned it into a democracy

Front 28

terracing

Back 28

Carving small, flat plots of land from hillsides to use for farming.

Front 29

import

Back 29

Good or service bought from another country or region.

Front 30

export

Back 30

Good or service sold to another country or region.

Front 31

pedagogue

Back 31

In ancient Greece, a male
slave who taught a young boy
manners.

Front 32

ethics

Back 32

Study of what is good and bad, and of moral duty.

Front 33

rhetoric

Back 33

Study of public speaking and debating.

Front 34

Sappho

Back 34

an ancient greek poet that wrote "sleep, Darling"

Front 35

Sophoists

Back 35

men who opened schools for older boys.The Sophists took their name from the Greek word sophos, meaning “wise.” At these schools boys studied government, mathematics, ethics, and rhetoric.

Front 36

Persian Wars

Back 36

Conflicts between Greece and Persia.

Front 37

Battle of Marathon

Back 37

Battle during the Persian Wars when Persia invaded Greece.

Front 38

Battle of Thermopylae

Back 38

Battle during the Persian Wars in which Spartan troops fought to the death against a much larger Persian force.

Front 39

Themistocles

Back 39

Athen's leader, who tricked Xerxes into running straight into the Athenian fleet

Front 40

Delian League

Back 40

Alliance of city-states in ancient Greece, with Athens as a leader.

Front 41

Pericles

Back 41

a great general, orator, and statesman who held public office or was active in public life from 461 B.C. to 429 B.C. During those years, Athens reached its peak of power, wealth, and democracy

Front 42

Peloponnesian War

Back 42

War between Sparta
and Athens that broke out in 431 B.C.
and lasted for 27 years.