Ch. 5 Medical Vocabulary

Front 1

The cardiovascular system is made up of:

Back 1

The heart and blood vessels

Front 2

Arteries

Back 2

Carry blood high in oxygen from the heart to tissues and organs. Exception: Pulmonary Artery

Front 3

Arterioles

Back 3

little arteries

Front 4

Aorta

Back 4

Largest artery

Front 5

Coronary arteries

Back 5

Branch from the Aorta and provides the myocardium with blood. Through the coronary arteries, is the only was the heart muscle can get blood/oxygen.

Front 6

Veins

Back 6

Carry blood that is almost always low in oxygen (exception: pulmonary vein- carries blood that is high in oxygen) to the heart

Front 7

Venules

Back 7

little veins

Front 8

Superior Vena cava

Back 8

Large Vein that brings blood low in oxygen from the upper part of the body, to the heart

Front 9

Inferior Vena cava

Back 9

large vein that brings blood low in oxygen from the lower part of the body to the heart

Front 10

Capillaries

Back 10

Joins the arterial system with the venous system

Front 11

The three layers of the heart are:

Back 11

Endocardium(lines chambers and valves), myocardium (muscular layer of the heart), epicardium

Front 12

Upper two chambers of the heart are called and what do they do?

Back 12

The are the atrium and receive blood

Front 13

The two lower chambers of the heart are called and what do they do?

Back 13

They are they ventricles and the pump blood.

Front 14

What divides the heart?

Back 14

The septum is the wall that divides the heart

Front 15

Tricuspid Valve

Back 15

Between right atrium and right ventricle

Front 16

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Back 16

between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Front 17

bicuspid/mitral valve

Back 17

between left atrium and left ventricle

Front 18

aortic semilunar valve

Back 18

between left ventricle and aorta

Front 19

SA (sinoatrial node)

Back 19

is the pacemaker located in the right atrium and sets the pace for the heartbeat.

Front 20

P wave

Back 20

Contraction of the atria

Front 21

QRS wave

Back 21

Contraction of the ventricles

Front 22

T Wave

Back 22

Recovery of the ventricles

Front 23

Blood Pressure

Back 23

Amount of force the blood is putting on the walls of the arteries.

Front 24

Systole

Back 24

Top number, largest number, when the most force is exerted by the blood against the arterial walls; when the blood is forced out of the heart; contraction phase.

Front 25

Diastole

Back 25

The bottom number, smallest number, when the least force is exerted by the blood against the arterial walls; when the ventricles are filling with blood; relaxation phase.

Front 26

Hypertension

Back 26

high blood pressure

Front 27

Hypotension

Back 27

low blood pressure

Front 28

Atherosclerosis

Back 28

(hardening of plaque) plaque builds up in the innermost layer of the artery causing the lumen to become smaller and a decreased amount of blood from getting to the tissues.

Front 29

Thrombosis

Back 29

Blood clots, which totally block a vessel (occlusion)

Front 30

Embolus

Back 30

A thrombus that breaks loose and travels through the circulation system

Front 31

Aneurysm

Back 31

bulge in the vessel wall, that could rupture

Front 32

Endarterectomy

Back 32

the removal of the innermost layer of the artery especially in the carotid (neck) and femoral (leg) arteries; used to remove the fatty plaque build-up

Front 33

Coronary Artery Disease

Back 33

Any disease that keeps the coronary arteries from delivering enough blood to the heart muscle. Ischemia is the result of not enough oxygen getting to the heart muscle. The pt will have angina pectoris (chest pain) and dyspnea (difficulty breathing)

Front 34

Atherectomy

Back 34

A catheter removes the plaque.

Front 35

Sinus Rhythm

Back 35

normal rhythm

Front 36

Arrhythmia

Back 36

Without normal rhythm

Front 37

tachycardia

Back 37

too fast

Front 38

Bradycardia

Back 38

too slow

Front 39

Cardiac Arrest

Back 39

Heart stops - CPR will be used

Front 40

Cardiomyopathy

Back 40

disease of the heart muscle

Front 41

Congestive heart failure

Back 41

heart is unable to keep up with the work load

Front 42

fibrillation

Back 42

heart is actually fluttering- beating way to fast- defibrillators will be used to "shock" the heart back to normal rhythm.

Front 43

Cardiac Catheterization

Back 43

diagnostic procedure to find clogged arteries. Catheter is put into the artery (through the leg)

Front 44

Holter moniter test

Back 44

Portable ECG/EKG

Front 45

Echocardiography

Back 45

Looks for problems with structure (i.e. valve)

Front 46

doppler

Back 46

looks at blood flow looks for problems

Front 47

Stress test

Back 47

Exercise(treadmill test) to test how much stress the heart can stand during exercise. Thallium stress test provides a picture also,

Front 48

ASHD

Back 48

arteriosclerotic heart disease

Front 49

BP

Back 49

Blood Pressure

Front 50

CAD

Back 50

Coronary Artery Disease

Front 51

CCU

Back 51

Coronary Care Unit

Front 52

CPR

Back 52

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Front 53

EKG/ECG

Back 53

electrocardiogram

Front 54

MI

Back 54

myocardial infarction, mitral insufficiency

Front 55

MVP

Back 55

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Front 56

PTCA

Back 56

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Front 57

TMR

Back 57

transmyocardial revascularization- blasting holes into the heart muscle with a laser (to get blood into the heart muscle)

Front 58

PTCA

Back 58

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, called ballon surgery, called angioplasty, the plaque is pushed against the side of the arterial wall, a stent (usually of stainless steel) is made and sometimes placed in the artery to keep the plaque compressed.

Front 59

Coronary bypass surgery

Back 59

a vein is removed from the leg and used to bypass the clogged artery.

Front 60

CABG

Back 60

Coronary artery bypass graft- vein removed from the leg.

Front 61

Coronary artery disease

Back 61

Can eventually cause an MI or heart attack.

Front 62

TEE

Back 62

Transesophageal echocardiography- more invasive than Echocardiography, a tube is placed down the throat versus an instrument rubbed on outside- shows a better picture.

Front 63

EECP

Back 63

Enhanced external counterpulsation- cuffs on the legs- blood is forced into the vessels in between beats of the heart, to increase blood flow/circulation.