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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
pancreas
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A triangular organ that produces enzymes that flow into the small intestine.
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large intestine
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The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body.
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rectum
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A short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into solid form before being eliminated.
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anus
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A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which digestive waste material is eliminated from the body.
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fat
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High-energy nutrients that are composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen and that contain more than twice as much energy as an equal amount of carbohydrates.
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fiber
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A complex carbohydrate, found in plant foods, that cannot be broken down into sugar molecules by the body.
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proteins
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Nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they are needed for tissue growth and repair and play a part in chemical reactions within cells; also large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur; also polymers of amino acids.
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unsaturated fats
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Fats, such as olive oil and canola oil, that are usually liquid at room temperature.
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villi
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Tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which nutrients from digested food are absorbed.
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esophagus
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A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
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peristalsis
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Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system.
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liver
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The largest and heaviest organ inside the body; it breaks down substances and eliminates nitrogen from the body.
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bile
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A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
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gall bladder
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The organ that stores bile after it is produced by the liver.
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nutrient
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A substance in food that provides energy or raw materials for the body to grow, repair worn parts, or function properly.
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calorie
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The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one Celsius degree.
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carbohydrates
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Energy-rich organic compounds, such as sugars and starches, that are made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they are a major source of energy and provide the raw materials to make parts of cells.
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saturated fat
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Fats, such as butter, that are usually solid at room temperature.
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cholesterol
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A waxy, fatlike substance, found only in animal products, that is an important part of your body's cells; can build up on artery walls.
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vitamin
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An organic compound that serves as a helper molecule in a variety of chemical reactions in the body.
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minerals
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Nutrient elements that are needed by the body in small amounts and that are not made by living things.
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Food Guide Pyramid
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A diagram developed by nutritionists to help people plan an healthy diet.
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Percent Daily Value
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A value on the nutritional fact label of a food that indicates how the nutritional content of one serving fits into the diet of a person who consumes 2,000 Calories a day.
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digestion
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The process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules.
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absorption
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The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood.
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saliva
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The fluid released when the mouth waters that plays an important role in both mechanical and chemical digestion.
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enzyme
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A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing.
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epiglottis
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A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering it.
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mucus
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A thick, slippery substance produced by the body.
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amino acids
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Small molecules that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules; also, 20 kinds of organic compounds that are monomers of proteins.
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small intestine
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The part of the digestive system in which most chemical digestion takes place.
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stomach
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a J-shaped, muscular pouch located in the abdomon that expands to hold all of the food swallowed.
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glucose
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a sugar that is the major source of energy for the body's cells, also a monomer of many complex carbohydrates.
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