Ch. 5 Flashcards

Front 1

what are the 3 things every cell has

Back 1

nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane

Front 2

diff. in DNA prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Back 2

prokaryotes in a singular circular molecule
eukaryotes in nucleus, surrounded by double membrane cuclear envelope

Front 3

which has organelles in cytoplasm: prokaryotes or eukaryotes

Back 3

eukaryotes

Front 4

what encloses cell and separates everythign from it?

Back 4

plasma membrane

Front 5

what is phopholipid bilayer made of?

Back 5

phospholipids, alcohol with 2 hydrophobic heads

protein

Front 6

what helps cell interact with environment?

Back 6

proteins in the plasma membrane

Front 7

what helps molecules move over plasma membrane?

Back 7

transfer proteins

Front 8

what induces changes in the cell when they touch hormones?

Back 8

receptor proteins

Front 9

Name the 3 principles of cell theory.

Back 9

1. every organism is 1 cell or more., heredity in everything
2. smallest unit of organization
3. all cells are just copies of old ones

Front 10

describe plasma membrane.

Back 10

phospholipid bilayer, selectively permeable

Front 11

describe Surface Area to Volume Area Ratio

Back 11

as surface area increases, volume area increases by 10 to the 3rd

Front 12

what are advantages of smaller cells

Back 12

smaller cells processes occur quicker

larger ones fight this having multiple nucleus etc.

Front 13

what are prokaryotes

Back 13

bacteria cells

Front 14

what do prokaryotes contain?

Back 14

cytoplasm, plasma membrane, inside rigid cell wall

Front 15

what do prokaryotes do?

Back 15

harvest light for photosynthesis
break down dead organisms
cause disease

Front 16

what are the two main prokaryotes?

Back 16

archeabacteria and bacteria

Front 17

diff. archeabacteria and bacteria

Back 17

archeabacteria is old

bacteria new

Front 18

in Prokaryotes, cell walls are made of ___

Back 18

peptidoglycan

Front 19

what is peptidoglycan

Back 19

carbohydrate matrix

Front 20

what do cell walls do? (3)

Back 20

protect cell, maintain shape, prevent excess water

Front 21

what are the two bacterias?

Back 21

gram pos and gram neg

Front 22

gram positive is _____ layered cell wall and leaves a ____ stain.

Back 22

single, purple

Front 23

gram negative is ______ layered cell wall and leaves a _______ stain.

Back 23

multilayered, red

Front 24

protein fibers extending from bacteria is called

Back 24

flagellum

Front 25

prokaryotes dont have _________ like eukaryotes, (strength comes from cell wall)

Back 25

organelles

Front 26

since there is no mem bound organelles, ___&___ have access all over the cell

Back 26

dna and enzymes

Front 27

plant cells have ____ which stores protein, pigments, waste.

animals have ______, transport materials.

Back 27

central vacoules

vesicles

Front 28

eukaryotic cells protected by

Back 28

cytoskeleton

Front 29

made of protein filaments + microtubules, keeps shape

Back 29

cytoskeleton

Front 30

vacuole

vesicles

Back 30

vacuoule stores water

vesicles transport proteins from ER to golgi app.

Front 31

no nuclei in ___ blood cells

Back 31

red

Front 32

dense ribosomal synthesizing portion of active dna

Back 32

nucleous

Front 33

made of inner and outer membrance which held together by nuclear pores

Back 33

nuclear envelope

Front 34

allows proteins to enter and RNA to exit

Back 34

nuclear envelope

Front 35

chromosoms made of strands called

Back 35

chromatin

Front 36

DNA wraps around _____ which are made of _____

Back 36

nucleosomes

histones

Front 37

ER is made of a

Back 37

lipid bilayer

Front 38

netlike, inner region of ER is called

Back 38

cisternal

Front 39

outer region of ER is

Back 39

cytosol

Front 40

____ER has ribosomes and prteins and lets _______ into _______

Back 40

rough, rna, proteins

Front 41

______ER has embedded enzymes which catalyze synthesis of ________

Back 41

smooth, lipids & carbs.

Front 42

flattened stack of membranes, the _____ _____, make up the _____ _____, which packs and distributes molecules made in one place to be used in another.

Back 42

golgi bodies and golgi apparatues

Front 43

Proteins enter the golgi app through the ____ ____, synthesize, then exit out the _____ _____, proteins and lipids then rest.

Back 43

cis face
transface

Front 44

______are the sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.

Back 44

ribosomes

Front 45

sausage shaped organelle in ______, Cells bound by ___ membrane and ____ membrane

Back 45

Mitochondria
inner
outer

Front 46

what are the 2 regions of the inner membrane and where are they located

Back 46

matrix - insdie the inn. mem.

inter membrane space - between two mitchodria membranes

Front 47

______ is a cell in a cell that has own DNA tellin proteins what to do

Back 47

mitochondria

Front 48

__________ in plants let them phosynthesize, has own DNA

Back 48

chloroplasts

Front 49

what are the 3 parts of the cytoskeleton

Back 49

actin filament
microtubules
intermediate filament

Front 50

what are the subunits of the parts of cytoskeleton and what do they do?

Back 50

actin - 2 actin strand twisted - cell contraction, crawling & pinching, cell extension

Microtubule - protein protafilaments - facilitate cell movement, movement of organelles within the cell

Intermediate Filament - fibrous protein molcules - cell support

Front 51

assembles microtubes

Back 51

centrioles

Front 52

_______ cells dont have a _________ ______ so they excrete ___________ to form an _________ in the space surrounding the cell for strength.

Back 52

eukaryotic
cell wall
glycoproteins
extracellular matrix