Ch 5 And 4.4

Front 1

lipid

Back 1

class of water-avoiding compounds

Front 2

hydrophobic

Back 2

water-avoiding molecules

Front 3

tryglyceride/fat

Back 3

3 carbon backbone; two parts: glycerol and fatty acid; long-term storage

Front 4

saturated fat

Back 4

maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms
Ex. lard, butter

Front 5

unsaturated fat

Back 5

less than the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms
Ex. Oils

Front 6

phospholipid

Back 6

make up cell membranes

Front 7

steroid

Back 7

a lipid molecule in which the carbon skeleton forms four fused rings. Estradiol=hydroxyl at tip Testosterone=carboxyl at tip

Front 8

cholesterol

Back 8

an essential molecule found in membranes that surround your cells

Front 9

protein

Back 9

polymer constructed from amino acids

Front 10

amino acid

Back 10

consists of a central carbon bonded to four partners

Front 11

polypeptide

Back 11

chain of amino acid

Front 12

denaturation

Back 12

causes loss of protein shape and structure

Front 13

activation energy

Back 13

triggers a chemical reaction

Front 14

catalyst

Back 14

assist cellular reactions by lowering the activation energy needed

Front 15

enzyme

Back 15

main catalysts; ends with ase

Front 16

substrate

Back 16

specific reactant; the thing being acted on

Front 17

active site

Back 17

where the substrate fits

Front 18

cohesion

Back 18

tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick

Front 19

adhesion

Back 19

attraction between unlike molecules

Front 20

solute

Back 20

it gets dissolved and there is less of it

Front 21

solvent

Back 21

dissolves the solute and is present in a greater amount

Front 22

solution

Back 22

a mixture of a solute and a solvent

Front 23

acid

Back 23

a compound that donates H ions to a solution

Front 24

base

Back 24

removes H ions from an aqueous solution

Front 25

pH scale

Back 25

scale that measures the acidity of a solution

Number goes up if basic, down if acidic

Front 26

buffer

Back 26

causes a solution to resist changes in pH

Front 27

organic molecule

Back 27

most carbon-based molecules

Front 28

inorganic molecules

Back 28

non carbon-based molecules

Front 29

hydrocarbon

Back 29

organic molecules composed of only carbon and hydrogen

Front 30

functional group

Back 30

group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules
Ex. Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Phosphate

Front 31

hydrophilic

Back 31

attracts water molecules

Front 32

monomer

Back 32

small molecular repeating units

Front 33

polymer

Back 33

string of monomers

Front 34

dehydration reaction

Back 34

when a water molecule is released from a chain

Front 35

hydrolysis

Back 35

add a water molecule to a chain

Front 36

carbohydrate

Back 36

organic compound made of sugar molecules
2:1 short-term energy storage

Front 37

monosaccharide

Back 37

simple sugar

Front 38

disaccharide

Back 38

double sugar; ends in are

Front 39

polysaccharide

Back 39

long chains of simple sugar monomers;
starch, cellulose, and glycogen

Front 40

starch

Back 40

found in plant cells used for storage

Front 41

glycogen

Back 41

storage in animals

Front 42

cellulose

Back 42

building material found in plants; used for structure