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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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reference group |
group whose standards we refer to as we evaluate ourselves
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aggregate |
individuals who temporarily share the same physical space but who do not see themselves belonging together |
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category |
people, objects, and events that have a similar characteristics and are classified |
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primary group |
small group characterized by intimate, long-term face-to-face association and cooperation |
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secondary group |
compared with a primary group a larder relatively temporary more anonymous formal and personal group based on some interest or activity |
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voluntary associations |
groups made up of people who voluntarily organize on the basis of some mutual interest; also known as voluntary memberships and voluntary organizations |
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iron law of oligarchy |
Robert Michel's term for the tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self perpetuating elite |
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in group |
group towards which one feels loyal |
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out group |
group towards which one feels antagonism
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social network |
the social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together |
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clique |
cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another |
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bureaucracy |
formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor; emphasis on impersonality of positions and written rules, communications, and records |
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goal displacement |
(goal replacement) an organization replacing old goals with new ones |
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alienation |
Marx’s term for workers’lack of connection to theproduct of their labor; caused byworkers being assigned repetitivetasks on a small part of a product—this leads to a sense of powerlessnessand normlessness; others usethe term in the general sense of notfeeling a part of something |
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self-fulfilling stereotype |
preconceived ideas of what someoneis like that lead to the person’sbehaving in ways that match thestereotype |
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hidden corporate culture |
stereotypes of the traits thatmake for high-performing and under performing workers |
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group dynamics |
the ways inwhich individuals affect groups andthe ways in which groups influenceindividuals |
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small group |
a group smallenough for everyone to interactdirectly with all the other members
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dyad |
the smallest possible group,consisting of two persons |
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triad |
3 people |
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coalition |
alignment of some members of a group against others
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leader |
someone who influences other people |
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instrumental leader
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someone who keeps the group moving towards its goals task-orientated leader |
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expressive leader
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individual who increases harmony and minimizes conflict in a group; socioemotional leader
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leadership style |
ways in which people express their leadership |
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authoritarian leader |
an individual who leads by giving orders |
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democratic leader |
leads by trying to reach a consensus |
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laissez-faire leader |
leads by being highly permissive |
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group think |
a narrowing ofthought by a group of people,leading to the perception that thereis only one correct answer and thatto even suggest alternatives is asign of disloyalty
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