Ch 49

Front 1

The excreted waste products are referred to as ______ or ______.

Back 1

feces or stool

Front 2

The large intestine is a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane. The muscle fibers are both ______ and ______, permitting the intestine to enlarge and contract in both width and length.

Back 2

circular and longitudinal

Front 3

The longitudinal muscles are shorter than the colon and therefore cause the large intestine to form pouches, or ______.

Back 3

haustra

Front 4

The colon's main functions are the absorption of ______ and ______, the mucoid ______ of the intestinal wall, and ______ elimination.

Back 4

water and nutrients; protection; fecal

Front 5

The contents of the colon normally represent foods inggested over the previous ___ days, although most of the waste products are excreted within __ hours of ingestion.

Back 5

4; 48 hrs

Front 6

The waste products leaving the stomach through the small intestine and then passing through the ileocecal valve are called ______.

Back 6

chyme

Front 7

The ______ ______ is located at the junction of the ileum of the small intestine and the first part of the large intestine, which regulates the flow of chyme into the large intestine and prevents backflow into the ileum.

Back 7

ileocecal valve

Front 8

As much as ______ mL of chyme passes into the large intestine daily, and all but about 100 mL is reabsorbed in the proximal half of the colon. The 100 mL of fluid is excreted in the ______.

Back 8

1,500 mL; feces

Front 9

The colon serves a protective function in that it secretes ______. This mucus contains large amounts of bicarbonate ions. The mucus secretion is stimulated by excitation of ______ ______.

Back 9

mucus; parasympathetic nerves

Front 10

______ originates in the brain stem and lower part of the spinal cord; opposes physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system: stimulates digestive secretions; slows the heart; constricts the pupils; dilates blood vessels

Back 10

parasympathetic

Front 11

During extreme stimulation, as a result of emotions, large amounts of mucus are secreted, resulting in the passage of stringy mucus with little or no ______.

Back 11

feces

Front 12

______ serves to protect the wall of the large intestine from trauma by the acids formed in the feces, and it serves as an adherent for holding the fecal material together.

Back 12

Mucus

Front 13

______ protects the intestinal wall from bacterial activity.

Back 13

Mucus

Front 14

The ______ acts to transport along its lumen the products of digestion, which are eventually eliminated through the anal canal. These products are flatus and feces.

Back 14

colon

Front 15

Three types of movements occur in the large intestine: ______ churning, ______ peristalsis, and ______ peristalsis.

Back 15

haustral; colon; mass

Front 16

______ ______ involves movement of the chyme back and forth within the haustra. In addition to mixing the contents, this action aids in the absorption of water and moves the contents forward to the next haustra.

Back 16

Haustral churning

Front 17

______ is wavelike movement produced by the circular and longitudinal muscle fibers of the intestinal walls; it propels the intestinal contents forward. Colon peristalsis is very sluggish and is thought to move the chyme very little along the large intestine.

Back 17

Peristalsis

Front 18

______ ______ involves a vawe of powerful muscular conraction that moves over large areas of the colon. Usually mass peristalsis occurs after eating, stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach and small intestine. In adults, mass peristaltic waves occur only a few times a day.

Back 18

Mass peristalsis

Front 19

Rectal ______ ______ help retain feces within the rectum. Each of the ______ ______ contains a vein and an artery.

Back 19

vertical folds; vertical folds

Front 20

The rectum in the adult is usually ___ to ___ cm long; the most distal portions, ___ to ___ cm long, is the anal canal.

Back 20

10 to 15 cm; 2.5 to 5 cm

Front 21

When veins of rectal folds become distended, as can occur with repeated pressure, a condition known as ______ occurs.

Back 21

hemmorrhoids

Front 22

The anal canal is bounded by an internal and an external ______ muscle.

Back 22

sphincter

Front 23

The internal sphincter is under ______ control, and the external sphincter normally ______ controlled.

Back 23

involuntary; voluntarily

Front 24

The internal sphincter musccle is innervated by the ______ nervous system; the external sphincter is innervated by the ______ nervous system.

Back 24

autonomic; somatic

Front 25

______ ______ ______ The part of the vertebrate nervous system that regulates involuntary action, as of the intestines, heart, and glands, and that is divided into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

Back 25

Autonomic nervous system

Front 26

______ is the expulsion of feces from the anus and rectum. It is also called ______ ______.

Back 26

Defecation; bowel movement

Front 27

The ______ of defecation is highly individual, varying from several times per day to two or three times per week. The ______ defecated also varies from person to person.

Back 27

frequency; amount

Front 28

When peristaltic vaves move the feces into the sigmoid colon and the rectum, the sensory nerves in the rectum are stimulated and the individual becomes aware of the need to ______.

Back 28

defecate

Front 29

Individuals (especially ______) may use very diffferent terms for a bowel movement. The nurse may need to try several different common words before finding one the client understand.

Back 29

children

Front 30

When the ______ anal sphincter ______, reces move into the anal canal. After the individual is seated on the toilet or bedpan, the external anal sphincter is relaxed ______.

Back 30

internal; relaxes; volluntarily

Front 31

Expulsion of the feces is assisted by ______ of the abdominal muscles and the ______, which increases abdominal pressure, and by ______ of the muscles of the pelvic floor, which moves the feces through the anal canal.

Back 31

contraction; diaphragm; contraction

Front 32

Normal defecation is facilitated by ______ flexion, which increases the pressure within the abdomen, and a ______ position, which increases the downward pressure on the rectum.

Back 32

thigh; sitting

Front 33

If the defication reflex is ______, or if defecation is consciously ______ by contracting the external sphincter muscle, the urge to defecate normally disappears for a few hours before occurring again.

Back 33

ignored; inhibited

Front 34

Repeated ______ of the urge to defecate can result in expansion of the rectum to accommodate accumulated feces and eventual loss of sensitivity to the need to defecate. Constipation can be the ultimate result.

Back 34

inhibition