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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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innate immunity |
-non-specific -present at birth, instant general protection -quickly responds to broad range of pathogens -external barriers (skin, mucous membranes) -internal barriers (cellular and chemical) -inflammatory response and phagocytic cells |
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adaptive/acquired immunity |
-not immediate -highly specific -recognizes foreign bodies (antigens) -antigens mostly proteins, polysaccharides, lipids -produce specific antibodies for antigens -memory is present |
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Physical barriers of innate immunity |
1. intact skin 2.mucous membrane 3.chemicals (lysozome,acids/enzymes,peptides)
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Internal mechanisms of innate immunity (when pathogens penetrate external barriers) |
1.phagocyte 2.natural killer cells
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Phagocytes |
-type of WBC -attach to pathogen -engulfs -destroys (lysozomes) |
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types of phagocytes |
1.neutrophils 2.macrophages 3.eosinophils 4.dendritic cells
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neutrophils (phagocytic) |
-most abundant -60-70% of WBCs
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macrophages (phagocytic) |
-from monocytes (5% WBCs) -large leukocytes -cytokines (inflammation) |
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eosinophils (technically phagocytic) |
-not so phagocytic -attack multicellular parasites (flukes) -discharge enzymes |
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dendritic cells (phagocytic) |
-mainly stimulate development of acquired immunity |
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Natural Killer Cells (NKC) |
-non-phagocytic -attack virus infected cells & cancer cells -release chemicals (enzymes) -target cell dies by apoptosis |
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Specific Immune Responses |
1.cell-mediated immunity (T-cells and APCs)
2.Antibody-mediated immunity (B cells) |
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cytokines |
-proteins that activate lymphocyte, which is part of adaptive immunity |
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antigen-antibody complex (adaptive immunity) |
-lymphocyte secretes antibody that recognizes and binds to antigen
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two types of lymphocytes (adaptive immunity) |
1. B lymphocytes (B cells)
2.T lymphocytes (T cells) |
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B cells (adaptive immunity) |
-Y-shaped receptors -transembrane region (anchor to plasma membrane) -there are two antigen-binding sites -B cells recognize and bind to intact antigens |
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immunoglobulin molecule, aka Ig (adaptive immunity) |
-has same structure as b cell -lacks transmembrane region -5 classes: IgG(75%), IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE |
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classes of Ig antibody: IgM |
-first to be made after initial exposure |
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classes of Ig antibody: IgG |
-most abundant -crosses placenta and protects fetus/baby |
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classes of Ig antibody: IgA |
-present in reat milk,saliva,tears -secreted into respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts |
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classes of Ig antibody: IgD |
-found in the surface of naive B cells |
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classes of Ig antibody: IgE |
-binds to the mast cells (histamines) -allergy symptoms, parasitic worms |
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T cells (adaptive immunity) |
-receptor: 1 alpha and 1 beta chain -has transmembrane region -one antigen-binding site -T cells recognize small fragments of antigen linked to MHC molecules
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Antigen presenting molecules (APM) (adaptive immunity) |
-present MHC molecules to T cell -includes macrophages,dendritic cells,B cells |
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what are the 2 major subtypes of T cells |
1.the Killer T cell (cytotoxic T cells) -coupled to MHC I molecules
2.Helper T cells -couples to MHC II molecules |
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MHC I molecule |
-found in almost any nucleated body cell -binds peptides derived from foreign antigens that have been synthesized within the cell |
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MHC II molecule |
-made mainly by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells; binds peptides derived from foreign materials that have been internalized and fragmented through phagocytosis |
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Immunological memory: primary response |
-first exposure to an antigen -memory T-cells and B-cells |
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Immunological memory: secondary response |
-second exposure to the same antigen -secondary immune response -memory cells last (decades) -accelerated response -antibodies have a higher affinity for the antigen -basis of immunization (vaccines) |
