Ch 44: Pharm: Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Clindamycin, Etc...

Front 1

The protein synthesis inhibitors are what type of antibiotics?

Back 1

baceriostatic

Front 2

Chloramphenicol, Macrolides, telithromycin, and clindamycin, inhibit protien synthesis by binding to what?

Back 2

The 50s ribosomal subunit

Front 3

Tetracyclin block protein synthesis by binding to what?

Back 3

The 30s ribosomal subunit, preventing the binding of amino acid charged tRNA to the acceptor site of the ribosome mRNA complex

Front 4

Which antibiotic that binds to the 50s ribosomal subunit is bactericidal?

Back 4

Streptogramins

Front 5

The protein synthesis inhibitors are what type of antibiotics?

Back 5

baceriostatic

Front 6

Chloramphenicol, Macrolides, telithromycin, and clindamycin, inhibit protien synthesis by binding to what?

Back 6

The 50s ribosomal subunit

Front 7

Tetracyclin block protein synthesis by binding to what?

Back 7

The 30s ribosomal subunit, preventing the binding of amino acid charged tRNA to the acceptor site of the ribosome mRNA complex

Front 8

Which antibiotic that binds to the 50s ribosomal subunit is bactericidal?

Back 8

Streptogramins

Front 9

Which drug binds to a unique site on the 50s subunit blocking the formation of the tRNA-ribosome-mRNA tertiary complex

Back 9

Linezolid

Front 10

Which drug has a selective inhibition for mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes, which contain the 70s subunit

Back 10

chloramphenicol

Front 11

Wide spectrum bacteriostatic drug that cross es the blood brain, and placental barrier. used both orally and parenternally to treat Haemophilus, Neisseria, and Baceriodes

Back 11

Chloramphenicol

Front 12

Drug that causes erythrocytopenia, and rarely aplastc anemia, also can cause gray baby syndrome

Back 12

Chloramphenicol

Front 13

Chloramphinicol has what effects on the CYP450 enzymes

Back 13

It has an inhibiting effect, increasing half lives of other CYP450 metabolized drugs

Front 14

Broad spectrum antibiotics with activity against gram + and gram - species of Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplamsa, and protozoa

Back 14

tetracyclines

Front 15

Tetracycline that undergoes hepatic cycling, and is excreted mainly in the feces

Back 15

Doxycycline

Front 16

Specific drug used for the treatment Gastric ulcers caused by H pylori

Back 16

tetracycline

Front 17

Specific drug used for the treatment of Lymes disease, and amoebiasis, as well as prevention of malaria

Back 17

doxycycline

Front 18

Tetracycline used to treat patients with ADH secreting tumors

Back 18

Demeclocycline

Front 19

Clinical uses of Tigecycline

Back 19

gram + MRSA and VRE, gram -, anaerobes, chlamydiae, and mycobacteria. only IV available

Front 20

Toxicities of tetracyclines

Back 20

mild nausea and diarrhea to life threatening enterocolitis. candidiasis (oral and vaginal), and bacterial superinfections with S aureus and Clostridium D

Front 21

Fetal exposure to this drug may cause tooth enamel dysplasia and irregularities in bone growth

Back 21

tetracycline

Front 22

High doses of tetracyclines in pregnant patients, or those with preexisting hepatic disease may cause

Back 22

hepatic necrosis

Front 23

Other side effects/toxicities of tetracyclines

Back 23

photosensitivity to UV light, fanconi's syndrome, dizziness and vertigo

Front 24

What are the macrolide antibiotics?

Back 24

erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin

Front 25

Erythromycin is most against which organisms?

Back 25

Campylobacter, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, legionella, gram + cocci, and some gram -

Front 26

Azithromycin and Clarithromycin have a greater activity against which organisms that erythromycin

Back 26

Chlamydia, Mycobacterium Avium, and Toxoplasma

Front 27

Resistance to macrolides are by what mechanism?

Back 27

gram + is through an efflux pump, and production of a methylase that binds to binding site

Front 28

Drug of choice for legionella

Back 28

erythromycin

Front 29

Azithromycin is used for single dose treatment of what, and a four day treatment of what?

Back 29

urinary tract infections caused by C trachomatis, and 4 day is for community acquired pneumonia

Front 30

Toxicities associated with erythromycin:

Back 30

GI irritation, skin rashes, and eosinophelia. It is also an inhibitor of CYP450 enzymes

Front 31

Which ketolyde is a good substitute for some macrolide resistant strains due to its increased binding capability, and poor role as efflux pump substrate

Back 31

telithromycin

Front 32

This drug binds to the 50 s subunit and inactivates bacterial enzymes. Used to treat severe infections by Bacteroides, as well as MRSA

Back 32

Clindamycin

Front 33

Drug in this group that is most associated with supperinfection infection by clostridium difficile, causing pseudomembraneous colitis

Back 33

clindamycin

Front 34

Drugs used in combination against MRSA, PRSP, and VRE

Back 34

Streptogramins. are potent inhibitors of CYP3A4.

Front 35

New drug also used to treat MRSA, PSRP, and VRE. Binds to the 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50s ribosomal subunit. (no cross resistance)

Back 35

Linezolid. is both oral and parenternal

Front 36

toxicities of Linezolid:

Back 36

can cause neutro and thrombocytopenia, especially in the immunosuppressed. and implicated in serotonin syndrome in those taking SSRI's