Ch 44

Front 1

Nutrientsdon’t become part of the intestinal environment until they have passed throughthe intestinal wall and have entered the

Back 1

blood and lymph

Front 2

Middleportion:

Back 2

duodenum, jejunum and ileum is where most absorptive processes occur

Front 3

accessory organs

Back 3

salivary, liver, pancreas

Front 4

esophagus connects

Back 4

oropharynx with the stomach

Front 5

Pharyengoesophagealsphincter keeps air from entering

Back 5

stomach while eating

Front 6

gastroesophagealsphincter is below the opening to the stomach. It is usually contractedcreating

Back 6

high pressure zone that doesn't allow reflux

Front 7

esophagus opens to stomach through

Back 7

cardiac orfice

Front 8

what sphincter controls rate of food entering stomach

Back 8

pyloric

Front 9

what contains the opening for the bile duct and the main pancreatic duct

Back 9

duodenum

Front 10

first layer:

Back 10

inner mucosal

made of epithelium

produces mucous, enzymes, absorbs forms a barrier for noxious substances

Front 11

second layer:

Back 11

submucosal layer

Dense CT and adipose

blood vessels, nerve, secretes enzymes

Front 12

third layer:

Back 12

muscularis externa, inner layer is circulatory outer layer is longitudinal

Front 13

Peritoneum has two layers

Back 13

visceral and parietal

between them is peritoneal cavity thats filled with fluid

Front 14

movements of GI tract can be

Back 14

rhythmic or tonic

Front 15

· Rhythmic movements

Back 15

intermittent contractions that are responsible for mixing and moving food along the tract

Front 16

rhythmic movements are in the

Back 16

esophagus, antrum and SI

Front 17

tonic movments

Back 17

constant contraction without rest

Front 18

pacemaker cells

Back 18

intestinal cells of Cajal

Front 19

Symp NS does what to waves

Back 19

slows or stops

Front 20

enteric NS consists of

Back 20

myenteric and submucosal plexuses in the GI

Front 21

myenteric plexus

Back 21

concerned with motility of gut

Front 22

submucosal plexus

Back 22

concerned with secretions, absorption and contraction

Front 23

what begins digestive process

Back 23

mastication

Front 24

oral phase of swallowing

Back 24

bolous pushed to posterios wall of pharynx

Front 25

pharyngeal phase of swallowing

Back 25

soft palate pulled up food moves to esophagus

involuntaary

breathing stops

Front 26

esophageal stage of swallowing

Back 26

enters esophagus and peristalsis starts

Front 27

secondary peristalsis is mediated by SM fibers in esophagus and happens when

Back 27

primary peristalisis isn't adequate to move food

Front 28

the pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter is _____ then stomach so this prevents

Back 28

greater

food from refluxing

Front 29

lowr esophageal sphincter is inervated by

Back 29

vagus nerve

Front 30

gastrin increases constriction of

Back 30

lower esophageal sphincter

Front 31

chemical break down of food happens in stomach where its turned into

Back 31

chyme

Front 32

how many contractions per minute

Back 32

3-5

Front 33

emptying of the stomach is done by

Back 33

hormonal and neural mechanisms

Front 34

movements of Si

Back 34

mixing and propulsive

Front 35

two patterns of contraction in SI

Back 35

segmentation and peristalic

Front 36

segmentation waves of SI

Back 36

drives food foreword and backward

Itsfuncitons to mix chyme with the enzymes from the pancreas and make sure thechyme is exposed to all parts of the mucosal surface of the intestine where absorptiontakes place

Front 37

movement in the colon is two types

Back 37

segmental and propulsive mass movement

Front 38

segmental mixing in the colon

Back 38

called haustral churning, makes sure fecal matter comes in contact with all parts of intestinal surface

Front 39

mass movement initiates

Back 39

defication

Front 40

defecation reflexes

Back 40

myenteric reflex

parasympathetic reflex

Front 41

external sphincter is under control of

Back 41

cortex

its voluntary

if not good time to poop cortex makes sphincter close and inhibits parasympathetic activity

Front 42

G cells of the atrium make

Back 42

gastrin

Front 43

gastrin stimulates

Back 43

gastric acid secretion

Front 44

secretin inhibits

Back 44

gastric acid secretion, entry of acidic chyme into the intestine stimulates the release of secretin

Front 45

three functions of saliva

Back 45

lube, antimicrobial, break down starch

Front 46

two functions of gastric acid

Back 46

break down food

disinfect food

Front 47

gastric mucosa is _____ to the acidic secretions it makes

Back 47

resistant

Front 48

burner glands do what

Back 48

secrete large amounts of alkaline mucous that protects the duodenum from the acidic content in the chyme

Front 49

major function of clonic microflora

Back 49

digest undigestible food

Front 50

break down of fat happen in

Back 50

SI

emulcification

Front 51

LI absorbs

Back 51

water

Front 52

fatty stool

Back 52

steattorrhea

when not all is absorbed in intestine

Front 53

protein digestion begins in

Back 53

stomach

pepsinogen is released and does t become active until in intestine with alkaline PH