Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Osmoregulation |
regulation of water and salt levels in the body |
|
|
Osmolarity |
-Unit of measurement for solute concentration -# of moles of solute per liter of solution |
|
|
Osmoconformers |
-are organisms that remain isotonic with seawater by conforming their body fluid concentrations to changes in seawater concentration. -a marine organism (usually an invertebrate) that maintains its internal salinity such that it is always equal to the surrounding seawater. |
|
|
Osmoregulators |
active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's fluids to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it keeps the organism's fluids from becoming too diluted or too concentrated
|
|
|
Osmoregulation between marine and freshwater animals |
To survive in a hypoosmotic environment an osmoregulator must discharge access water In a hyperosmotic environment an osmoregulator must instead take in water to offset osmotic loss |
|
|
Role of transport epithelia in osmoregulation |
-specialized epithelia cells regulate solute movement -arranged in complex tubular networks -example. salt glands in marine birds which remove excess sodium chloride from the blood |
|
|
Planaria Excretory System |
Protonephridia, flame bulb |
|
|
Earthworm Excretory System |
Metanephrida on each segment |
|
|
Insect Excretory System |
Malpighian tubules; no filtration |
|
|
Mammalian Kidneys |
-renal pyramid -glomerulus -cortex medulla - collecting duct -renal artery - renal vein -Ureter -nephrons |
|
|
How is the nephron organized for stepwise processing of blood filtrate? |
1. proximal tubule 2. descending limb of the nephron loop 3. ascending limb of the nephron loop 4. distal tubule 5. collecting duct |
|
|
Concentrating urine in the mammalian kidney |
Water and salt first make urine permeable in the descending limb then in the ascending limb it's impermeable with active salt transport pumps |
|
|
Homeostatic regulation of the kidney |
Regulates the amount of water in the body and balance the concentration of mineral ions in the blood |
|
|
Anti-diuretic Hormone |
A hormone made by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, makes kidneys reabsorb water and limits urine output and helps control the body's water balance |
|
|
Renin-angiotensin |
hormone system that regulates blood pressure and water (fluid) balance |
|
|
RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) |
a signaling pathway responsible for regulating the body's blood pressure. Stimulated by low blood pressure or certain nerve impulses (e.g. in stressful situations), the kidneys release an enzyme called renin. This triggers a signal transduction pathway: renin splits the protein angiotensinogen, producing angiotensin I.
|
|
|
ADH |
conserve body water by reducing the loss of water in urine. A diuretic is an agent that increases the rate of urine formation.
|
|
|
ADH & RAAS |
ADH regulates the osmolarity of the blood by altering renal reabsorption of water, and RAAS maintains the osmolarity of the blood by stimulating Na+ reabsorption.
|
