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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Circ sys functions |
Exchange of materials (respiratory, excretory) Comm. btwn organs (endocrine) Transport of cells that fight infection (immune system, lympatic sys) Stabilize body fluid pH Maintain body temp |
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interstistial fluid |
derived from blood plasma moves subs btwn cells and circ system returns to circ syst directly into capillaries indirectly via lymph vessels |
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gastrovascular cavity |
functions in digestion and circulation of subs Nutrients only need to diffuse thru 1 cell layer |
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Orgs w/ elaborate gastrovascular cavities? |
Planarians, jellies |
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Complex animals have circ sys w/ : |
1. fluid 2. tubes 3. pump |
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closed circ |
blood moves in 1 dir never leaves tubes in ALL vertebrates |
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open circ |
tubes open-ended tissues in hemocoel bathe in hemolymph (analogous to blood and interstitial fluid) |
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Open circ occurs in |
arthropods and mollusks (not cephalopods) |
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advantages of closed circ |
higher pressure - distant, rapid delivery oxygenated and deoxygenated blood doesnt mix |
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advantages of open circ |
lower pressure, less energy |
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closed circ system consists of |
blood vessels (heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, venules), 2 to 4 chambered heart (ventricles, atria) |
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order of mammalian circ pattern |
1. R atrium to R ventricle 2. pulmonary arteries 3. capillaries of lungs 4. pulmonary vein 5. l atrium l ventricle 6. aorta 7. arteries/capillaries 8. vena cava 9. to r atrium |
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ventricles need greater pressure thus have thicker walls |
true left thicker than right |
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atrioventricular valve |
from ventricles back into atria |
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semilunar |
from aotra/pulm arteries back in to ventricle |
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valves prevent |
backflow |
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cardiac cycle |
sequence of contraction/relaxation that makes up heartbeat |
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diastole |
relaxation |
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systole |
contraction |
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cardiac output |
blood volume pumped/minute |
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cardiac output depends on |
heart rate (beats/min) stroke vol (blood pumped from ventricle per contraction) |
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SA node |
sets contraction rate and timing regulated by signals from hormones |
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AV node |
in btwn RA and LA |
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veins/arteries have how many layers |
3 tissue layers thicker in arteries |
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lumen larger in |
veings |
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valves only in |
veins |
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how many tissue layers 4 capillaries |
one epithelium lumen - thickness of RBC |
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low area in arteries - high pressure |
high area in capillaries - low pressure |
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why must pressure be low in capillaries |
they have to be thin to trasnmit subs btwn blood and interstitial fluid |
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capillary exchange affected by |
osmotic pressure and blood pressure |
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blood composition |
55% plasma (ions, water, proteins, subs), 45% cellular elements (WBC, RBC, platelets) |
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kidney produces which hormone to increase RBCS |
erythropoietin via negative feedback |
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stem cells found in |
red bone marrow |
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blood clotting via |
fibrin |
