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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Accomodation
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The ability of the lens to change its shape and bend light rays so that objects are in focus.
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Acuity
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Visual resolution or clarity, which is greatest in the fovea because of its large concentration of cones.
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Bipolar Cells
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Cells through which a visual stimulus passes after going to the photoreceptor cells and before going to the ganglion cells.
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Cones
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Photoreceptors in the retina that use on of three varieties of iodopsin, a color-sensitive pigment, to distinguish color.
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Convergence
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The receiving of information by one bipolar cell from many photoreceptors. Allows biploar cells to compare the amount of light on larger regions of the retina and increases the sensation of contrast.
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Cornea
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The curved, transparent, protective layer through which light rays enter the eye.
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Dark Adaptation
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The increasing ability to see in the dark as time passes, due to the synthesis of more pigments by the photorecpetors.
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Fovea
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A region in the center of the retina where cones are highly concentrated.
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Frequency Matching/Volley Theory
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A theory of hearing that explains how frequency is coded: The firing rate of a neuron matches the frequency of a sound wave.
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Ganglion Cells
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The cells in the retina that generate action potential. They are stimulated by bipolar cells; their axons extend out of the retina and travel to the brain.
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Interneurons
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Cells in the retina through which photoreceptor cells make connections to other types of cells in the retina.
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Iris
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The part of the eye which gives it its color and adjusts the amount of light entering it by constricting to reduce the size of the pupil or relaxing to enlarge it.
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Lateral Inhibition
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The enhancement of the sensation of contrast that occurs when greater response to light in one photoreceptor cell suppresses the the response of a neighboring cell.
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Lens
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The part of the eye directly behind the pupil; bends light rays, focusing them on the retina, at the back of the eye.
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Light Intensity
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A physical dimension of light waves that refers to how much energy the light contains; it also determines brightness
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Light Wavelength
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A physical dimension of light waves that refers to their length. At a given intensity, different wavelengths produce different sensations of color.
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Photo Pigments
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Chemicals contained in photoreceptors that respond to light and assist in changing light into neural activity.
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Photo Receptors
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Nerve cells in the retina that code light energy into neural activity.
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Place Theory
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A theory of hearing stating that hair cells at a particular place on the basilar membrane repond most to a particular frequency of sound.
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Primary Auditory Cortex
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The area in the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex that is the first to receive information about sounds.
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Pupil
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An opening in the eye, just behind the cornea, through which light passes.
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Receptive Field
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The portion of the world that affects a given neuron.
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Retina
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The surface at the back of the eye onto which the lens focuses light.
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Rods
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Photoreceptors in the eye that sight even in dim light because their photopigment contains rhodopsin; cannot distinguish color
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Visible light
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Electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength from about 400 to 750 nanometers
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