Ch 4 (Muscle Tissue)

Front 1

the strong tendon that joins the muscles in the posterior leg to the calcaneus

Back 1

achilles tendon

Front 2

a cellular protein found in myofilaments that is active in muscular contractions, cellular movement and maintenance of cell shape

Back 2

actin myofilament

Front 3

a change in electrical potential that occurs when a cell or tissue has been activated by a stimulus

Back 3

action potential

Front 4

the short muscle that adducts the thigh

Back 4

adductor brevis

Front 5

the long muscle that adducts the hip

Back 5

adductor longus

Front 6

the area within the pelvis that contains the anus

Back 6

anal triangle

Front 7

muscles working in opposition to each other

Back 7

antagonist

Front 8

a condition caused by damage, either through trauma or infection, to the facial nerve, resulting in inability to move the facial muscles on the affected side

Back 8

Bell's palsy

Front 9

the large portion of the muscle between the origin and insertion

Back 9

belly

Front 10

located in the posterior compartment of the leg, it flexes and laterally rotates the knee and extends the hip

Back 10

biceps femoris

Front 11

an intracellular protein that calcium binds to, resulting in muscle contraction

Back 11

calmodulin

Front 12

muscle that is found only in the heart, providing the contractions needed to propel the blood through the circulatory system

Back 12

cardiac muscle

Front 13

an anatomic space within the body that is enclosed by fascia

Back 13

compartment

Front 14

accumulation of blood or fluid in an anatomic compartment, typically following trauma, resulting in compression of blood vessels, and tissue damage secondary to ischemia and if not recognized and promptly treated, death of muscle and loss of limb

Back 14

compartment syndrome

Front 15

a flattened dome-shaped muscle that is the main muscle of breathing, located at the base of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen

Back 15

diaphragm

Front 16

the delicate connective tissue surrounding individual muscular fibers

Back 16

endomysium

Front 17

groups of muscles that cause extension

Back 17

extensor muscles

Front 18

fluid outside the cells

Back 18

extracellular fluid

Front 19

movement of the eyes in various directions

Back 19

extraocular movements

Front 20

a layer of fibrous connective tissue outside the epimysium that separates individual muscles

Back 20

fascia

Front 21

groups of muscles that cause flexion when contracted

Back 21

flexor muscles

Front 22

conduction areas between cells that interconnect individual muscle cells

Back 22

gap junctions

Front 23

an iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells, carries 97% of oxygen

Back 23

hemoglobin

Front 24

the end of a muscle that is attached to the bone that is undergoing the greatest movement

Back 24

insertion

Front 25

branching fibers in cardiac muscle that allow action potentials to pass from cell to cell

Back 25

intercalated disks

Front 26

the ability of muscle to generate its own electrical activity

Back 26

intrinsic automaticity

Front 27

an organic acid that can lower the intracellular pH

Back 27

lactic acid

Front 28

specialized nerve cells that deliver an impulse to muscle cells, causing them to contract

Back 28

motor neurons

Front 29

one of two types of smooth muscle, it is formed into sheets of smooth muscle (as in walls of blood vessels), small bundles of muscles (as in the iris) or single cells (capsule of the spleen)

Back 29

multiunit smooth muscle

Front 30

fibers that contract causing movement, three types are present in the body

Back 30

muscle

Front 31

a bundle of skeletal muscle cells bound together by connective tissue and forming one of the constituent elements of muscle

Back 31

muscle fasciculus

Front 32

threadlike structures that extend from one end of the muscle fiber to the other

Back 32

myofibrils

Front 33

the individual protein filaments, composed of either actin or myosin, that make up a myofibril

Back 33

myofilaments

Front 34

an iron-containing red pigment, similar to hemoglobin that is found in muscle fibers

Back 34

myoglobin

Front 35

a fibrous globulin of muscle that reacts with actin to form actomyosin

Back 35

myosin filaments

Front 36

the junction between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber, one type of a synapse

Back 36

neuromuscular junction

Front 37

a chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse

Back 37

neurotransmitter

Front 38

the attachment of a muscle to the more stationary of two bones

Back 38

origin

Front 39

a temporary oxygen deficiency in muscles after strenuous exercise, characterized by heavy breathing until the muscles have been supplied with sufficient oxygen

Back 39

oxygen debt

Front 40

a deep muscle of the medial compartment that adducts, flexes, and internally rotates the thigh

Back 40

pectineus muscle

Front 41

the largest muscle of the chest wall, it adducts and internally rotates the shoulder

Back 41

pectoralis major

Front 42

the connective tissue sheath that surrounds a muscle and forms sheaths from the bundles of muscle fibers

Back 42

perimysium

Front 43

the area below the coccygeus and levator ani muscles, which forms the floor of the pelvis

Back 43

perineum

Front 44

the proximal portion of the muscle fiber in the neuromuscular junction

Back 44

postsynaptic terminal

Front 45

the distal end of the nerve fiber in the neuromuscular junction

Back 45

presynaptic terminal

Front 46

the muscle in a group of muscles that has the major role in movement

Back 46

prime mover

Front 47

muscle contained in the anterior compartment of the thigh that extends the knee when contracted

Back 47

quadriceps femoris

Front 48

the linear muscle of the midline of the abdomen

Back 48

rectus abdominis

Front 49

a special group of four muscles that form a cap over the proximal humerus to the scapula, it controls the rotation of the shoulder

Back 49

rotator cuff

Front 50

the thin transparent sheath surrounding a striated muscle fiber

Back 50

sarcolemma

Front 51

any of the repeating structural units of striated muscle fibers

Back 51

sarcomeres

Front 52

a system of membranes that transport materials in muscle cells

Back 52

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 53

the longest muscle in the human body, it is located in the anterior compartment of the thigh and flexes both the hip and knee when it contracts

Back 53

sartorius muscle

Front 54

the muscle of respiration that elevate the first two ribs during inspiration

Back 54

scalene muscles

Front 55

striated muscles that are under direct volitional control of the brain, also called voluntary muscle

Back 55

skeletal muscle

Front 56

the movement of the myofilaments during contraction of the muscle

Back 56

sliding filament mechanism

Front 57

muscle that carries out much of the automatic work of the body, such as moving food through the digestive tract and dilating/constricting the pupils, also called involuntary muscle

Back 57

smooth muscle

Front 58

the space between nerves and muscles in the neuromuscular junction across which a nerve impulse is transmitted by a neurotransmitter

Back 58

synaptic cleft

Front 59

muscles that work together to accomplish a particular movement

Back 59

synergists

Front 60

tough, ropelike cords of fibrous tissue that attach muscles to bones

Back 60

tendons

Front 61

a test used to evaluate the integrity of the achilles tendon for possible rupture

Back 61

Thompson's test

Front 62

the region within the pelvis that contains the structures of the urogenital system

Back 62

urogenital triangle

Front 63

sheets of muscles found in the digestive, reproductive and urinary tracts

Back 63

visceral smooth muscle

Front 64

a layman's term for traumatic soft-tissue injury to the structures of the neck, associated with sudden flexion or extension

Back 64

whiplash

Front 65

supination of the forearm against resistance to evaluate whether a patient has bicipital tendinitis

Back 65

Yergason's test