Ch. 4 Longevity, Health, And Functioning

Front 1

Average Longevity

Back 1

Commonly called average life expectancy and refers to the age at which half of the individuals who are born in a particular year will have died.

Front 2

Maximum Longevity

Back 2

The oldest age to which any individual of a species lives.

Front 3

Active Life Expectancy

Back 3

The age to which one can expect to live independently.

Front 4

Absorption

Back 4

The time needed for a medication to enter a patient's bloodstream.

Front 5

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

Back 5

Basic self-care tasks such as eating, bathing, toileting, walking, and dressing.

Front 6

Acute Diseases

Back 6

Conditions that develop over a short period of time and cause a rapid change in health.

Front 7

Autoimmunity

Back 7

The process by which the immune system begins attacking the body.

Front 8

Chronic Diseases

Back 8

Conditions that last a longer period of time (at least 3 months) and may be accompanied by residual functional impairment that necessitates long-term management.

Front 9

Compression of Morbidity

Back 9

The situation in which the average age when one becomes disabled for the first time is postponed, causing the time between the onset of disability and death to be compressed into a shorter period of time.

Front 10

Coping

Back 10

In the stress and coping paradigm, any attempt to deal with stress.

Front 11

Dependent Life Expectancy

Back 11

The age to which one can expect to live with assistance.

Front 12

Diabetes Mellitus

Back 12

A disease that occurs when the pancreas produces insufficient insulin.

Front 13

Disability

Back 13

The effects of chronic conditions on people's ability to engage in activities that are necessary, expected, and personally desired in their society.

Front 14

Drug Excretion

Back 14

The process of eliminating medications, usually through the kidneys in urine, but also through sweat, feces, and saliva.

Front 15

Drug Metabolism

Back 15

The process of getting rid of medications in the bloodstream, partly in the liver.

Front 16

Emotion-Focused Coping

Back 16

A style of coping that involves dealing with one's feelings about the stressful event.

Front 17

Exacerbators

Back 17

Situations that make a situation worse than it was originally.

Front 18

Frail Older Adults

Back 18

Older adults who have physical disabilities, are very ill, and may have cognitive or psychological disorders and need assistance with everyday tasks.

Front 19

Functional Health Status

Back 19

How well a person is functioning in daily life.

Front 20

Functional Incontinence

Back 20

A type of incontinence usually caused when the urinary tract is intact but due to physical disability or cognitive impairment the person is unaware of the need to urinate.

Front 21

Health

Back 21

The absence of acute and chronic physical or mental disease and impairments.

Front 22

Illness

Back 22

The presence of a physical or mental disease of impairment.

Front 23

Incontinence

Back 23

The loss of the ability to control the elimination of urine and feces on an occasional or consistent basis.

Front 24

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)

Back 24

Actions that entail some intellectual competence and planning.

Front 25

Overflow Incontinence

Back 25

A type of incontinence usually caused by improper contraction of the kidneys, causing the bladder to become overdistended.

Front 26

Polypharmacy

Back 26

The use of multiple medications.

Front 27

Primary Appraisal

Back 27

First step in the stress and coping paradigm in which events are categorized into three groups based on the significance they have for our well-being-- irrelevant, beinign or positive, and stressful.

Front 28

Problem-Focused Coping

Back 28

A style of coping that attempts to tackle a problem head-on.

Front 29

Psychoneuroimmunology

Back 29

The study of the relations between psychological, neurological, and immunological systems that raise or lower our susceptibility to and ability to recover from disease.

Front 30

Reappraisal

Back 30

In the stress and coping paradigm, this step involves making a new primary or secondary appraisal resulting from changes in the situation.

Front 31

Risk Factors

Back 31

Long-standing behaviors or conditions that increase one's chances of functional limitations or disability.

Front 32

Secondary Appraisal

Back 32

In the stress and coping paradigm, an assessment of our perceived ability to cope with harm, threat, or challenge.

Front 33

Stress and Coping Paradigm

Back 33

A model that views stress, not as an environmental stimulus or as a response, but as the interaction of a thinking person and an event.

Front 34

Stress Incontinence

Back 34

A type of incontinence that happens when pressure in the abdomen exceeds the ability to resist urinary flow.

Front 35

Type 1 Diabetes

Back 35

A type of diabetes that tends to develop earlier in life and requires the use of insulin; also called insulin-dependent diabetes.

Front 36

Type 2 Diabetes

Back 36

A type of diabetes that tends to develop in adulthood and is effectively managed through diet.

Front 37

Urge Incontinence

Back 37

A type of incontinence usually caused by a central nervous system problem after a stroke or urinary tract infection in which people feel the urge to urinate but cannot get to a toilet quickly enough.