Ch. 4 Key Terms

Front 1

Robert Walpole

Back 1

-First prime minister of Great Britain
-Acknowledged for holding office

Front 2

Privy Council

Back 2

-a body that advises the head of state of a nation concerning the exercise of executive authority, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government.

Front 3

Benjamin Franklin

Back 3

-one of the Founding Fathers of U.S.
-major person in American Enlightment

Front 4

New France

Back 4

-land colonized by French in North America

Front 5

Paltry Wages

Back 5

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Front 6

Albany Plan

Back 6

-was proposed by Benjamin Franklin in the Albany Congress
-attempt to make all colonies under one rule of gov.

Front 7

French Indian War

Back 7

-also called the Seven Years War
-it was a dispute over land
-it result gained the colonies more land

Front 8

Louis XIV

Back 8

-King of France and of Navarro

Front 9

Missionary Zeal

Back 9

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Front 10

Louis Joliet

Back 10

-French Canadian explorer
-famous for discoveries in North America
-explored and mapped most of the Mississippi River

Front 11

Father Jacques Marquette

Back 11

-was a French Jesuit missionary who founded Michigan's first European settlement Sault Ste. Marie, and later founded St. Ignace, Michigan.
-saw and mapped north of Mississippi

Front 12

Rene Robert Cavelier

Back 12

-French explorer
-explored Great Lakes of U.S. and Canada, Mississippi River, and Gulf of Mexico
claimed Mississippi River for France

Front 13

The Iroquois Confederacy

Back 13

-was a sophisticated political and social system. It united the territories of the five nations in a symbolic long house

Front 14

King William's War

Back 14

-first of the French and Indian Wars
-raids and fights led to it

Front 15

Fort Necessity

Back 15

-took place in July 3, 1754
-George Washington's only surrender
-Battle led to higher battles

Front 16

William Pitt

Back 16

-British Whig statesman
-got fame during Seven years War

Front 17

Siege of Quebec

Back 17

-September 13, 1759
-fought between British army and navy against French army

Front 18

Peace of Paris 1763

Back 18

- also called the Treaty of Paris
-signed on February 10 1763 by the kingdoms of Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal

Front 19

Proclamation of 1763

Back 19

purpose of the proclamation was to organize Great Britain's new North American empire and to stabilize relations with Native North Americans through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier.

Front 20

Greenville Ministry

Back 20

During its two years, the Ministry confronted growing discontent in Britain's American colonies which were to lead to the American War of Independence breaking out in 1775

Front 21

Sugar Act

Back 21

-was to raise the money the molasses act had failed to recieve
-hoped to work since was half price and more amount

Front 22

Currency Act

Back 22

-regulated paper money

Front 23

Paxton Boys

Back 23

-a vigilante group that murdered twenty Native Americans in events sometimes called the Conestoga Massacre.

Front 24

Regulatory Movement

Back 24

-small scale civil war
-regulators were farmers in upper Carolina that opposed to hight taxes
-began to oppose tax collectors by force

Front 25

Stamp Act

Back 25

-direct tax to colonies
-required to print all paper item on a paper with a stamp

Front 26

Virginia Resolves

Back 26

-were a series of resolutions passed by the Virginia General Assembly in response to the Stamp Act of 1765.

Front 27

Sons of Liberty

Back 27

-was a political group made up of American Patriots
-group was designed to incite change in the British government's treatment of the Colonies

Front 28

The Tory's

Back 28

-called themselves Loyalists
-people willing to support the war, but not damage loyalty to king

Front 29

Mutiny Act

Back 29

-response to the mutiny of a large portion of the army which stayed loyal to the Stuarts upon William III taking the crown of England.

Front 30

Quartering Act

Back 30

-were used by the British forces in the American colonies to ensure that British soldiers had adequate housing and provisions

Front 31

Townshed Act

Back 31

-The purpose of the Townshend Acts was to raise revenue in the colonies to pay the salaries of governors and judges so that they would be independent of colonial control, to create a more effective means of enforcing compliance with trade regulations, to punish the province of New York for failing to comply with the 1765 Quartering Act, and to establish the precedent that the British Parliament had the right to tax the colonies.

Front 32

Navigation Act

Back 32

-restricted use of foreign shipping

Front 33

Boston Massacre

Back 33

-rebels were throwing stones and snow at British troop and troops fired and killed them

Front 34

Samuel Adams

Back 34

-was a statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States

Front 35

Loyalists

Back 35

-someone who maintains loyalty to an established government

Front 36

Patriots

Back 36

-someone that proves their devotion to their country

Front 37

Gaspee Incident

Back 37

-patriots burned it down for forcing unfair rules

Front 38

Tea Act

Back 38

-expand tea trade to all colonies

Front 39

Daughters of Liberty

Back 39

-group that consisted of women who displayed their patriotism by participating in boycotts of British goods following the passage of the Townshend Acts.

Front 40

Boston Tea Party

Back 40

-after officials in Boston refused to return three shiploads of taxed tea to Britain, a group of colonists boarded the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor.

Front 41

Coercive Acts

Back 41

-a series of five laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774
-The acts triggered outrage and resistance in the Thirteen Colonies that later became the United States, and were important developments in the growth of the American Revolution.

Front 42

First Continental Congress

Back 42

- was a convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen North American colonies that met on September 5, 1774
-economic boycott of British trade; publishing a list of rights and grievances; and petitioning King George for redress of those grievances.

Front 43

John Adams

Back 43

-politician
-political philosopher
-2nd president
-1st vice president
-founding father

Front 44

Battle of Lexington and Concord

Back 44

-the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War.
-fought on April 19, 1775
-battles marked the outbreak of open armed conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and its thirteen colonies

Front 45

General Thomas Gage

Back 45

-was a British general, best known for his role in the early days of the American War of Independence.

Front 46

Paul Revere

Back 46

-was an American silversmith and a patriot in the American Revolution.messenger in the battles of Lexington and Concord, and Revere's name and his "midnight ride"
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Front 47

John Dickinson Letters to a Farmer

Back 47

-is a series of essays written by the Pennsylvania lawyer and legislator John Dickinson
-were important in uniting the colonists against the Townshend Acts. The success of his letters earned Dickinson considerable fame
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Front 48

The Massachusetts Circular

Back 48

-was a statement written by Samuel Adams
-result of the letter was Britain furious at Massachusetts