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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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carbohydrates are made of these elements
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Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
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formula for carbohydrates
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C 6 - H 12 - O 6
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carbohydrates are made by _____
(except milk) |
photosynthesis
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2 main types of carbohydrates
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simple and complex
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2 types of simple carbohydrates
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monosaccharides and disaccharides
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2 types of complex carbohydrates
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oligosaccharides and polysaccharides
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3 types of polysaccharides
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glycogen, starch, fiber
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monosaccharides
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single sugar molecules, end in -ose ("sugar");
ex: glucose, fructose, & galactose |
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glucose
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blood sugar
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fructose
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fruit sugar
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galactose
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milk sugar
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disaccharides
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double sugars, all contain glucose;
ex: lactose, maltose, sucrose |
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lactose
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glucose + galactose
inability to process is called "lactose intolerance" |
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maltose
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glucose + glucose
"malt sugar" from the breakdown of starch |
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sucrose
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glucose + fructose
table sugar |
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sucrose
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glucose + fructose
table sugar |
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oligosaccharides
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3-20 units long, not digestible
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polysaccharides
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composed of long strands of glucose units
"complex carbohydrates" |
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starch
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for plants:
storage form of glucose, important energy source |
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glycogen
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storage form of glucose in animals,
stored in our liver and muscles, energy source! |
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fiber
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indigestible form in plants,
aids in digestion and elimination |
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2 types of fiber
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insoluble in H20 (cellulose, lignin)
soluble in H20 (pectin, gums, mucilage, psyllium) |
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fiber may help prevent:
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constipation, hemorrhoids
appendicitis, diverticular disease, colon cancer may lower cholesterol & help diabetic patients |
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carbohydrate metabolism
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provides cell energy, complex CHO preferred
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glycemic response
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****
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insulin
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lets glucose into cells,
promotes formation of glycogen stores in liver & muscles |
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glycogenolysis
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when glucagon causes the liver to break down glycogen into glucose
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gluconeogenesis
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the conversion of protein to glucose
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needed in order to use fat for energy
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CO2 and O2
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glucose in cells is used to ____
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make energy (ATP)
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Type I Diabetes
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"juvenile onset"
Insulin Dependent, no glucose enters the cell |
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Type II Diabetes
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"adult onset"
Non-Insulin Dependent, glucose enters cell slowly |
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postprandial hypoglycemia
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after a meal;
fatigue, weakness, dizziness, irritability, rapid heartbeat, sweating, trembling, headaches |
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fasting hypoglycemia
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ex: overnight
headache, mental dullness, fatigue, confusion, amnesia |
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protein sparing
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consuming a minimum amount of carbs so that protein isn't converted to glucose
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