Ch. 4-7

Front 1

STATE THE VARIABLE THAT CONTROLS THE QUALITY OF AN X-RAY BEAM

Back 1

IT IS DETERMINED BY ITS PENETRATING POWER

Front 2

STATE THE VARIABLE THAT CONTOS THE QUANTITY OF ANX-RAY BEAM

Back 2

THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY FLOWING PER SECOND THROUGH A UNIT AREA PERPENDICULAR TO THE DIRECTION OF THE BEAM

Front 3

DEFINE THE ROLE OF MILLIAMPERAGE IN THE PRODUCTION OF X-RAYS

Back 3

NUMBER OF X-RAYS PRODUCED VER A GIVEN PERIOD

Front 4

DEFINE THE ROLE OF TIME IN THE PRODUCTION OF X-RAYS

Back 4

THE PERIOD DURING WHICH THE X-RAYS ARE PERITTED TO LEAVE THE X-RAY TUBE

Front 5

LIST TE ADVANTAGES OF HIGH MILLIAMPERAGE SETTINGS

Back 5

IT ALLOWS FOR A SHORTER TIME SETTING WITH THE SAME NUMBER OF X-RAYS PRODUCED

Front 6

STATE THE EQUATION USED TO DETERMINE MILLIAMPERAGE-SECONDS (MAS)

Back 6

mA x TIME (IN SECONDS)X mAs

Front 7

DEFINE THE ROLE OF KILOVOLTAGE IN THE PRODCTION OF X-RAYS

Back 7

RELATED TO THOUSANDS OF VOLTS. DESCRIBES THE ELETRICAL POTENTIAL (DIFFERNCE) BETWEEN THE CATHODE AND THE ANODE

Front 8

LIST THE EFFECTS OF INCREASED KILOVOLTAGE ON THE X-RAY BEAM

Back 8

IT PRODUCES MORE-PENETRATING BEAMS, WITH A HIGHE PERCENTAGE OF RADIATION REACHING TH FILM

Front 9

DEFINE SANTES' RULE AND USE THE EQUATION, GIVEN A MEASUREMENT IN CENTIMETERS

Back 9

USES THE THICKNESS OF THE AREA OF INTEREST TO BE RADIOGRAPHED TO CALCULATE THE kVp
(2 X THICKNESS)+40=kVp
(THE #40 REPRESENTS THE DISTANCE FROM THE X-RAY TUBE'S FOCAL SPOT TO THE IMAGE RECEPTOR IN INCHES)

Front 10

STATE THE EFFECT OF DISTANCE ON THE INTENSITY OF THE X-RAY BEAM

Back 10

THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE SOURCE OF X-RAYS (FOCAL SPOT OF THE X-RAY TUBE) AND THE IMAGE RECEPTOR (X-RAY FILM) ALSO AFFECTS THE INTENSITY OF THE IMAGE PRODUCED. AS THE SID IS DECREASED, THE INTENSITY OF THE X-RAYS IS INCREASED

Front 11

DEFINE THE INVERSE SQUARE LAW

Back 11

THE INTENSITY OF THE RADIATION VARIES NVERSELY AS THE SQUARE OF THE DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE

Front 12

WHAT CONTROLS THE WAVELENGTH AND PENETRATING POWER OF X-RADIATION

Back 12

kVp

Front 13

CONTROLS THE NUMBER OF X-RAYS PRODUCED

Back 13

mAs

Front 14

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON ARTIFACT IN VETERINARY RADIOGRAPHY

Back 14

MOTION

Front 15

WAYS TO DECREASE THE NUMBER OF PERSONNEL IN THE RADIOLOGY SUITE INCLUDE

Back 15

SEDATING PATIENTS

Front 16

WAYS TO INCREASE PENETRATING POWER OF X-RAYS INCLUDE

Back 16

INCREASING kVp

Front 17

THE MILLIAMPERAGE-SECONDS (mAs) FOR 1000 mA AND 1/10 SEC IS

Back 17

100 mAs

Front 18

ACCORDING TO SANTES' RULE, IF A CAT'S ABDOMEN MEASURES 12 CM, kVp IS

Back 18

64

Front 19

THE SOURCE-IMAGE DISTANCE

Back 19

MUST BE CONSIDERED EACH TIME THE CONTROL PANAL IS SET

Front 20

ONE PERCENT OF THE ENERGY PRODUCED AT THE ANODE IS IN THE FORM OF

Back 20

X-RAYS

Front 21

THE TEMPERATURE OF A FILAMENT WITHIN THE CATHODE IS CONTROLLED BY

Back 21

THE SOURCE-IMAGE DISTANCE

Front 22

WHAT IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF X-RAYS

Back 22

THEY DIVERGE FROM A LIGHT SOURCE

Front 23

THE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ANODE AND CATHODE IS MEASURED IN

Back 23

KILOVOLTS

Front 24

A HIGHER kVp SETTING ALLOWS FOR A __________ mAs AND ___________ EXPOSURE TIME

Back 24

LOWER
LOWER

Front 25

THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE SOURCE OF X-RAYS AND THE IMAGE RECEPTOR OR FILM

Back 25

SOURCE-IMAGE DISTANCE (SID)

Front 26

MEASURABLE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2 ADJACENT DENSITIES

Back 26

CONTRAST

Front 27

DEGREE OF BLACKNESS ON A RADIOGRAPH

Back 27

DENSITY

Front 28

DEFINE RADIOGRAPHIC DENSITY

Back 28

DEGREE OF BLACKNESS OR DARKNES ON A RADIOGRAPH

Front 29

LIST THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT RADIOGRAPHIC DENSITY

Back 29

1- TOTAL NUMBER OF X-RAYS THAT REACH THE FILM
2- PENETRATING PWER OF THE X-RAYS
3- DEVELOPING TIME
4- TEMPERATURE OF THE DEVELOPER

Front 30

DEFINE CONTRAST

Back 30

MEASURABLE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2 ADJACENT DENSITIES

Front 31

DEFINE RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST

Back 31

DENSITY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2 ADJACENT AREAS ON A RADIOGRAPH

Front 32

DEFINE SUBJECT CONTRAST

Back 32

DIFFERENCE IN DENSITY AND MASS OF 2 ADJACENT ANATOMIC STRUCTURES

Front 33

LIST THE EXPOSURE FACTORS THAT AFFECT CONTRAST AND DENSITY

Back 33

IF kVp TO LOW, RADIOGRAPH WILL HAVE A SOOT AND WHITEWASH APPEARANCE;
IF kVp TO HIGH IT CAUSES SCATTER RADIATION

Front 34

RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST IS INFLUENCED BY WHAT

Back 34

1- SUBJECT CNTRAST
2- kVp LEVEL
3- SCATTER RADIATION
4- FILM TYPE
5- FILM FOG

Front 35

DEFINE SCATTER RADIATION AND ITS EFFECT ON THE RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE

Back 35

NON-IMAGE-FORMING RADIATION THAT IS SCATTERED IN ALL DIRECTIONS BECAUSE OF OBJECTS IN THE PATH OF THE X-RAY BEAM;
INAPPROPRATE AREAS OF THE FILM ARE BEING EXPOSED, CONTRAST IS DECREASED

Front 36

DESCRIBE A GRID AND ITS PURPOSE IN RADIOGRAPHY

Back 36

DEVICE MADE OF LEAD STRIPS EMBEDDED IN A SPACING MATERIAL, PLACED BETWEEN THE PATIENT AND THE FILM, DESIGNED TO ABSORB NON-IMAGE-FORMING RADIATION;
PURPOSE IS TO REDUCE SCATTER RADIATION

Front 37

DEFINE GRID FOCUS

Back 37

AMOUNT THE EXPOSURE NEEDS TO BE INCREASED TO COMPENSATE FOR THE GRID'S ABSORPTION OF A PORTION OF THE PRIMARY BEAM

Front 38

DESCRIBE GRID CUTOFF

Back 38

A PROGRESSIVE DECREASE IN TRANSMITTED X-RAY INTENSITY CAUSED BY ABSORPTION OF PRIMARY X-RAYS BY THE GRID LINES

Front 39

DESCRIBE GRID RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE

Back 39

INCREASES THE QUALITY OF THE RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE

Front 40

DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS WAYS THE GRID IS PRODUCED

Back 40

GRID EFFICIENCY, GRID RATIO, AND LINES PER CENTIMETER, GRID FACTOR, GRID PATTERN, LINEAR GRID, CROSSED GRID, FOCUSED VERSUS UNFOCUSED GRID, PSEUDOFOCUSED GRID, AND POTTER-BUCKY DIAHRAGM GRID

Front 41

DESCRIBE THE CORRECT CARE OF A GRID

Back 41

THEY ARE DELICATE; IF IT IS DROPPED, IT COULD DAMAGE IT PERMANENTLY. IF THE STRIPS BECOME BENT OR WARPED, A PERMANENT ARTIFACT WILL APPEAR ON ALL RADIOGRAPHS TAKEN WITH THAT GRID

Front 42

DEFINE RADIOGRAPHIC DETAIL

Back 42

IMAGE SHARPNESS, CLARITY, DISTINCTNESS, AND PERCEPTIBILITY

Front 43

LIST THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT RADIOGRAPHIC DETAIL

Back 43

LOSS OF DETAIL, MOTION,

Front 44

WHAT IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY TO REDUCE BACKSCATTER

Back 44

TO LIMIT THE SIZE OF THE X-RAY BEAM TO INCLUDE ONLY THE IMAGE RECEPTOR

Front 45

EXPOSURE OF A RADIOGRAPHIC FILM TO X-RAYS MAKES THE FILM ________

Back 45

BLACK

Front 46

THE HIGHER THE TISSUE DENSITY, THE _______ THE RADIOGRAPHIC DENSITY

Back 46

LOWER

Front 47

MST COMMON CAUSE OF POOR RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST IS INAPPROPRIATE ____________ FACTORS (kVp, mAs, EXPOSURE TIME)

Back 47

EXPOSURE

Front 48

WHAT INCREASES RADIOGRAPHIC DENSITY

Back 48

INCREASED mAs

Front 49

WHAT HS THE SHORTEST SCALE OF CONTRAST

Back 49

FEMUR

Front 50

HIGH SUBJECT CONTRAST _________ RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST

Back 50

INCREASES

Front 51

IF kVp IS TOO LOW FOR AN ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPH, WHAT WILL BE EVIDENT ON A RADIOGRAPH

Back 51

NO DISTINCT DIFFERENCE EXISTS AMONG ANATOMIC ORGANS, PENETRATING POWER IS WEAK, AND X-RAYS CANNOT PENETRATE THE PATIENT, RADIOGRAPH WILL HAVE A "SOOT AND WHITE-WASHED" APPEARACE (GRAY AND WHITE)

Front 52

PRIMARY EXPOSURE FACTOR THAT CONTROLS SCATTER RADIATION IS

Back 52

KVp

Front 53

WHAT DO GRIDS CNTAIN THAT CONTROLS SCATTER RADIATION

Back 53

LEAD

Front 54

WHERE IS A GRID LOCATED

Back 54

BETWEEN THE PATIENT AND THE CASSETTE

Front 55

WHICH GRID RATIO CAN ABSORB MORE SCATTER RADIATION

Back 55

8:1

Front 56

TO PREVENT MAGNIFICATION AND DISTORTION OF THE OBJECT BEING RADIOGRAPHED, THE PATIENT MUST BE

Back 56

AS PRALLEL TO THE FILM AS POSSIBLE AND BE AS CLOSE TO THEFILM AS POSSIBLE

Front 57

IF A DOG IS BEING RADIOGRAPHED FOR HIP DYSPLASIA, WHAT PHENOMENON WILL OCCUR IF THE FEMURS ARE NOT PARALLEL TO THE FILM

Back 57

FORESHORTENING

Front 58

DEFINE A CASSETTE

Back 58

A LIGHTPROOF ENCASEMENT DESIGNED TO HOLD X-RAY FILM AND INTENSIFYING SCREENS IN CLOSE CONTACT

Front 59

STATE THE PROPER CARE OF A CASSETTE

Back 59

HANDLE WITH CARE, CLEANED ON A REGULAR BASIS, SHOULD BE NUMBERED