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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is nursing theory? |
A conceptualization of some aspect of nursing & describes, explains, predicts, and/or prescribes nursing care |
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What are grand theories? |
System & broad in scope More complex, requires further research Does not provide specific guideline but rather a structural framework for ideas |
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What are prescriptive theories? |
Addresses nursing interventions on phenomena & describes conditions under which the intervention was prescribed.
Action oriented & test the reliability & validity of nursing interventions Predicts the consequence of intervention |
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What are descriptive theories? |
1st level of theory development
Describes phenomena, speculates on why they occur & describe consequences of phenomena |
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What are middle-range theories? |
More limited in scope & less abstract
Address specific phenomena & reflect practice Focuses on specific field of nursing such as uncertainty, incontinence, social support, quality of life & caring, rather than a wide variety of nursing care situations |
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Maslows Hierarchy? |
Physiological - oxygen, nutrition, temperature, fluids Safety/Security - physical & psychological safety Love & Belonging - friendships, family & intimacy Self esteem - self confidence, usefulness, achievement, & self worth Self actualization - fully achieving personal potential, ability to solve problems & cope realistically |
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Roys theory? |
Adaption theory - 1989 Views patient as an adaptive system Goal of nursing care is to help patient adapt to changes during health & illness When patient cannot adapt to stressor's, nursing care is needed. |
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Orem's theory? |
Self-Care deficit theory - 2001 Defines self-care as a "learned, goal-oriented activity, directed towards one's self in maintaining life, health, development & well-being" Focuses on patient's self care needs and the goal is for the patient to manage his/her own health problems |
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Nightingales theory? |
Is a descriptive theory - Mid 1800's Concept of the environment was focus of care & suggestion that "nurses need not know all about the disease process" set nursing apart from medicine. |
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Leiningers theory? |
2010 Theory of cultural care diversity & universality that considers social structure factors |
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Watsons theory? |
Transpersonal care theory - 1996
Defines the outcome of nursing activity with regard to the humanistic aspects of life The purpose is to understand the interrelationships among health, illness & human behavior |
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Nuemans theory? |
Based on stress - 2010 Based on stress & the patients reaction to the stressor. Patient is an individual, group, family or community. Role of nursing is to stabilize the patient or situation |
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Benner & Wrubels theory? |
Caring is central to nursing - 1989 Caring creates possibilities for coping & enables possibilities for connecting with & concern for others & allows for giving & receiving help. |
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Hendersons theory? |
1955 & 1966 "Assisting the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities that will contribute to health, recovery, or peaceful death & that the individual would perform unaided if he/she had the necessary strength, will or knowledge" Frames nursing care at the needs of the individual focusing on 14 basic needs of a whole person |
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Peplau's theory? |
Interpersonal relations - 1952
Focuses on interpersonal relations between nurse, patient & patients family & the development of nurse-patient relationship |
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Nursing paradigm elements? |
Paradigm: links science, philosophy, & theories accepted & applied by a discipline Nursing paradigm: links person, health, environment/situation, & nursing |
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Nursing domain? |
Perspective of a profession Provides the subject, central concepts, values & beliefs, phenomena of interest, & central problems of a discipline Provides both practical & theoretical aspects of the discipline |
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What is a theory? |
Contains a set of concepts, definitions, & assumptions or propositions that explain a phenomenon Guide the design of nursing theory |
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Components of nursing theory? |
Concepts, definitions, assumptions or propositions all lead back to the phenomenon |
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Theory-Based nursing practice: |
Generates nursing knowledge for use in practice Can direct how to use nursing process Adaptable to different patients & all care settings Goal is to explain the practice of nursing as different & distinct from the practice of medicine, psychology & other health care disciplines |
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Interdisciplinary theories: |
Explains systematic view of phenomena specific to the discipline of inquiry. I.E.: Basic human needs Developmental Psychosocial Systems |
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Theory & knowledge development: |
Nursing knowledge is theoretical & practical Goals of theoretical knowledge are to stimulate thinking & create a broad understanding of the "science" & practices of the nursing discipline Experiential knowledge is the art of nursing & is based on a nurses' experiences in providing care |
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Link between theory & knowledge development? |
Theories provide direction for nursing research Nursing theory & nursing research build the knowledge base for nursing & then apply it to practice Theory-generating or theory-testing research refines the knowledge base of nursing Nurses incorporate research-based interventions into theory based practice |
