Ch 4

Front 1

Integumentary System (define)

Back 1

serves to protect an individual from the environment; its receptors tell us about the outside world and help regulate body temperature.

Front 2

Integumentary System -
Structure

Back 2

Consists of cutaneous membrane (skin), which includes the epidermis, dermis and accessory structures (hair follicles, nails and exocrine glands)

Front 3

Integumentary System -
The Epidermis (def)

Back 3

made of stratified squamous epithelium; has 5 layers of thick skin (keratinocytes) and four layers of thin skin; includes 4 cell types

Front 4

Integumentary System -
The Epidermis: Cell types

Back 4

keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells (detect sensation), Langerhans cells (phagocytic cells of immune system)

Front 5

Integumentary System -
The Epidermis:
Layers

Back 5

Division of the basal cells in the stratum germinativium prduce new keratinocytes that replace superficial cells

Front 6

Integumentary System -
The Epidermis:
Layers

Back 6

As epidermal cells differentiate, they pass through the stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (of thick skin) and stratum corneum; keratinocytes move towrads the surface and accumulate keratin; ultimately cells are shed or lost

Front 7

Integumentary System -
The Epidermis:
Thick and Thin Skin

Back 7

Thin covers most of the body, thick covers the soles of feet and palms of hands; epidermal ridges on the skin improve grip and inc. skin's sensitivity, their pattern is genitcally determined; ridges interlock via dermal papilae

Front 8

Integumentary System -
The Dermis:
Dermal Organization - Papillary layer

Back 8

Superficial layer, assoc with dermal papillae, contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and sensory nervers; supports and nourishes the epidermis

Front 9

Integumentary System -
The Dermis:
Dermal Organization - Reticular layer

Back 9

Deeper layer, consists of meshworked collagens and elastic fibers oriented in all directions to resist tension in the skin.

Front 10

Integumentary System -
The Dermis:
Dermal Organization - Other Dermal Components

Back 10

An extensive blood supply to the skin includes the cutaneous and papillary pleuxes; the papillary layer contains capillaries that drain into the veins of the pleuxes.

Front 11

Integumentary System -
The Subcutaneous Layer

Back 11

aka hypodermis or superficial fascia; not part of integument, it stabilizes the skin's position against underlying organs and tissues, yet permits independent movement.

Front 12

Integumentary System -
Acessory Structures: Hair follicles and hair structure

Back 12

Hair orig. from hair follicles that extend into the dermis; each hair has a bulb, root and shaft

Front 13

Integumentary System -
Acessory Structures: Hair follicles and hair production

Back 13

Involves a special keratinization of the epithelial cells of the hair matrix;at the center of the matrix, cells form a soft core, medulla, cells at the edge of hair form a hard cortex; the cuticle coats the hair and is made of dead kert. cells.

Front 14

Integumentary System -
Acessory Structures: Hair follicles and hair sheaths

Back 14

The lumen of the follicle is lined by an internal root sheath produced by the hair matrix; an external root sheath surrounds the internal root sheath b/w the skin surface and hair matrix.

Front 15

Integumentary System -
Acessory Structures: Hair follicles and hair membranes

Back 15

The glassy membrane is the thickened basal lamina external to the external root sheath; its wrapped by dense CT

Front 16

Integumentary System -
Acessory Structures:
Hair follicles and hair - Root hair plexus (define)

Back 16

Plexus of sensory nerves that surrounds the base of each hair follicle and detects the movement of the shaft; hair is elevated by by contractions of the arrector pilli muscle that pulls on the folicle

Front 17

Integumentary System -
Acessory Structures:
Hair follicles and hair - Types

Back 17

Vellius (peach fuzz), intermediate hairs and heavy terminal hairs make up the hair population on our bodies.

Front 18

Integumentary System -
Acessory Structures:
Hair follicles and hair growth

Back 18

Hairs grow and shed according to the hair growth cycle, a single hair grows for 2-5 years and is then shed.

Front 19

Integumentary System -
Acessory Structures:
Glands in the Skin - Sebaceous

Back 19

Oil gland, d/c waxy, oily secretion (sebum) into hair follicles; Sebaceous follicles are large seb. glands that produce no hair, they comm. with the epidermis

Front 20

Integumentary System -
Acessory Structures:
Glands in the Skin - Apocrine

Back 20

Sweat glands, the numerous merocrine sweat glands (eccrine) produce a thin, watery secretion (sensible perspiration/sweat)

Front 21

Integumentary System -
Acessory Structures:
Glands in the Skin - Mammary

Back 21

Resemble larger apocrine glands

Front 22

Integumentary System -
Acessory Structures:
Glands in the Skin - Ceruminous glands

Back 22

Located in the ear canal, they are modified sweat glands that produce ear wax (cerumen)

Front 23

Integumentary System -
Acessory Structures:
Nails - Function

Back 23

Protect exposed tips of fingers and toes and help limit their distortion when they are subject to mechanical stress.

Front 24

Integumentary System -
Acessory Structures:
Nails - Structure

Back 24

The nail body covers the nail bed, w/nail production occurring at the nail root; the cuticle (eponychium) is formed by a fold of the stratium cornem; the nail fold extends from the root to the exposed nail.

Front 25

What happens when skin ages?

Back 25

There is a decline in the activity of the sebaceous glands.

Front 26

Whay is skin color a product of?

Back 26

dermal blood supply, pigment comp, pigment concentration

Front 27

What does sensible perpiration/ sweat do?

Back 27

cools skin to reduce body temp, provides excretory root for water and electrolytes and dilutes harmful chemicals and discourgaes bacterial growth on skin.

Front 28

What is insensible perspiration?

Back 28

water loss due to penetration of intersitial (situated between the cells of a structure or part) fluid through the surface of the skin

Front 29

When the skin ages, what effects does it have?

Back 29

Epidermis thins, melanocyte activity decreases along with glandular activity.