Ch 4

Front 1

is a number system that has just two unique digits, 0 and 1, called bits

Back 1

binary system

Front 2

is the smallest unit of data the computer can process

Back 2

bit (binary digit)

Front 3

forms when 8 bits are grouped together. provides enough different combinations of 0s and 1s to represent 256 individual characters

Back 3

byte

Front 4

consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by these instructions, and the results of processing the data (information)

Back 4

memory

Front 5

is memory that loses its contents when power is turned off. RAM, temporary

Back 5

volatile memory

Front 6

does not lose its contents when power is removed from the computer. ROM, permanent

Back 6

nonvolatile memory

Front 7

also called main memory, consists of memory chips that can be read from and written to by the processor and other devices

Back 7

RAM (random access memory)

Front 8

refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions

Back 8

ROM (read only memory)

Front 9

a small circuit board that RAM chips usually reside on

Back 9

memory module

Front 10

are on the motherboard and hold memory modules

Back 10

memory slot

Front 11

are used by today's computers to improve processing. 2 types are memory cahce and disk cache

Back 11

Cache

Front 12

is built directly in the processor chip and usually has a very small capacity

Back 12

L1 cache

Front 13

is slightly lower than L1 cache but has a much larger capacity

Back 13

L2 cache

Front 14

is a type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten

Back 14

Flash memory

Front 15

are used in memory chips because it provides high speeds and consumes little power

Back 15

CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor)

Front 16

is the amount of time it takes the processor to read data, instructions, and information from memory

Back 16

Access time

Front 17

is one billionth of a second

Back 17

Nanosecond

Front 18

is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data

Back 18

system unit

Front 19

is the main circuit board of the system unit

Back 19

motherboard (system board)

Front 20

is a small piece of semiconducting material, usually silicon, on which integrated circuits are etched

Back 20

Chip

Front 21

interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer

Back 21

CPU (central processing unit)

Front 22

is a chip with two or more seperate processor cores

Back 22

multi-core processor

Front 23

is the componet of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer

Back 23

control unit

Front 24

another componet of the processor, performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

Back 24

ALU (arithmetic logic unit)

Front 25

generates regular electronic pulses, or ticks, that set the operating pace of components of the system unit

Back 25

System clock

Front 26

the pace of the system clock that is measured by the number of ticks per second

Back 26

Clock speed

Front 27

the control unit fetches instructions and data from memory

Back 27

Fetch

Front 28

the control unit decodesthe instructions and sends the instructions and data to the ALU or other places

Back 28

Decode

Front 29

the ALU performs calculations on the data

Back 29

Execute

Front 30

the results are stored in memory

Back 30

Store

Front 31

is a socket on the mother board that can hold an adapter card

Back 31

Expansion slot

Front 32

is a circuit board that enhances functions of a component of the system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals

Back 32

Adapter card (expansion card)

Front 33

is a type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten

Back 33

Flash memory

Front 34

is a device that connects to the system unit and is controlled by the processor in the computer

Back 34

Peripheral

Front 35

converts computer output into a video signal that travels through a cable to the monitor, which displays an image on the screen

Back 35

Video card (graphics card)

Front 36

enhances the sound-generating capabilities of a personal computer by allowing sound to be input through a microphone and output through external speakers or headphones

Back 36

Sound card

Front 37

a device for connecting computers in a network; it is like a power strip because it increases the amount of plug-ins

Back 37

Hub

Front 38

converts computer output into a video signal that travels through a cable to the monitor, which displays an image on the screen

Back 38

Graphics card (video card)

Front 39

is a removable flash memory device, usually no bigger than 1.5" in height or width that you insert and remove from a slot in a personal computer

Back 39

Memory card

Front 40

is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit so that the peripheral can send data to or receive information from the computer

Back 40

Port

Front 41

can connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single connector

Back 41

USB port (universal serial bus port)

Front 42

is similar to a USB port in that it can connect multiple types of devices that require faster data transmission speeds to a single connector

Back 42

Fire wire port

Front 43

allows you to attach SCSI peripherals such as disk drives and printers

Back 43

SCSI

Front 44

is an external device that provides connections to peripherals through ports built into the device

Back 44

Port replicator

Front 45

an external device that attaches to a mobile computer or device, contains a power connection and provides connections to peripherals

Back 45

Docking station

Front 46

a channel that allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with eachother

Back 46

Bus

Front 47

is part of the motherboard and connects the processor to main memory

Back 47

System bus (front side bus) (FSB)

Front 48

is part of the motherboard and connects the processor to main memory

Back 48

Front side bus (FSB) (system bus)

Front 49

connects the processor to cache

Back 49

Backside bus (BSB)

Front 50

allows the processor to communicate with peripherals

Back 50

Expansion bus

Front 51

is an opening inside the system unit in which you can install additional equipment

Back 51

Bay

Front 52

is a rectangular opening that typically holds disk drives

Back 52

Drive bay

Front 53

is the component of the system unit that connects the wall outlet AC power into DC power

Back 53

Power supply

Front 54

1. Can of compressed air
2. Lint-free antistatic wipes and swabs
3. Screen cleaning solution or 50/50 mix of rubbing alchohol and water
4. Small computer vacuum
5. Antistatic wristband
6. Small screwdriver

Back 54

Cleaning tools

Front 55

1. Turn of your computer, remove its battery, and unplug everything
2. Use compressed air to blow dust from openings
3. Use antistatic wipes to clean exterior
4. Vacuum as much dust as possible form interior
OR have a local professional or computer company do it for you

Back 55

Cleaning process