Ch. 4

Front 1

Robert Walpole

Back 1

-A British statesman who was know for becoming the first Prime Minister of Great Britain; first elected in 1701

Front 2

Privy Council

Back 2

-A body that advises the head state of a nation concerning the context of a monarchic government.

Front 3

Benjamin Franklin

Back 3

-Connected the colonies to Britain opposed to unneccessary unfair taxation; strong influence on Albany Plan

Front 4

New France

Back 4

-Area colonized by France in North America by Jacques Cartier in 1534. Spread to Spain and Britain in 1763.

Front 5

Paltry Wages

Back 5

-Wage system in the colonies

Front 6

Albany Plan

Back 6

-colonies porposed colonial confederation under lighter British rule (crown-appointed president. "Grand Council"); never took effect

Front 7

French Indian War

Back 7

-French threat at the borders was no longer present, therefore the colonies didn't need English protection; more independent stand against British

Front 8

Louis XIV

Back 8

-King of France reigned from 1643 to his death in 1715; worked on creating a centralized state governed from the capital.

Front 9

Missionary Zeal

Back 9

-drew large numbers of French Jesuits into the interior in search of potential converts

Front 10

Louis Joliet

Back 10

-French Explorer of the 1670s, journeyed by canoe from Green bay on Lake Michigan as far as south as the junction of the Arkansas and Mississippi River with Father Jacques Marquette.

Front 11

Father Jacques Marquette

Back 11

-French Explorer of the 1670s, journeyed by canoe from Green bay on Lake Michigan as far as south as the junction of the Arkansas and Mississippi River with Louis Joliet.

Front 12

Rene Robert Cavelier

Back 12

-began an exploration in 1682 that took him to the delta of the Mississippi River, where he claimed the surrounding country for France and named it Louisiana.

Front 13

The Iroquois Confederacy

Back 13

-5 indian nations: Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida) had been the most powerful tribal presence in the Northeast since the 1640s.

Front 14

King Williams War

Back 14

-produced a few, indecisive clashes between the English and the French in northern England.

Front 15

Fort Necessity

Back 15

-George Washington built a crude stockade not far from the larger French outpost, Fort Duquesne, on what is now Pittsburgh.

Front 16

William Pitt

Back 16

-In 1757, he began to transform the war effort in America by bringing it for the first time fully under British control.

Front 17

Siege of Quebec

Back 17

-Siege that ended any French hopes of victory in the French and Indian Wars, June 25-Sept.18; 1759

Front 18

Peace of Paris 1763

Back 18

-full American independence, territory west of Appalachian ceded to America, loyalists to be compensated for seized property, fishing rights off of Newfoundland

Front 19

Proclamation of 1763

Back 19

-prohibited settlements west of Appalachian, restriction on colonial growth

Front 20

Greenville Ministry

Back 20

-As a response of the fail of the Proclamation of 1763, the greenville ministry soon moved to increase its authority in the colonies in more direct ways.

Front 21

Sugar Act

Back 21

-increased tariff on sugar (and other imports), attempted to harder enforce exsisting tariffs

Front 22

Currency Act

Back 22

-prohibited clonies from issuing paper money. destabilized colonial economy

Front 23

Paxton boys

Back 23

-A band of people from western Pennsylvania; descended on Philidelphia with demands for relief from colonial (not British) taxes and for money to defend themselves against Indians.

Front 24

Regulatory Movement

Back 24

-The Regulators were farmers of the Carolina upcountry who organized in opposition to the high taxes that local sheriffs collected.

Front 25

Stamp Act

Back 25

-taxes on all legal documents to support British troops, not apporved by colonists through their representatives

Front 26

Virginia Resolves

Back 26

-"no taxation without representation," introduced by Patrick Henry

Front 27

Sons of Liberty

Back 27

-organized and controlled resistnce against arliamentary acts in less violent ways (Strength of martyrdom). advocated nonimportation

Front 28

The Tory's

Back 28

-

Front 29

Mutiny Act

Back 29

-1765; required the colonists to provide quarters and supplies for the British troops in America.

Front 30

Quartering Act

Back 30

-Quartering the troops or providing them with supplies were now mandatory and the colonists considered it another form of taxation without consent.

Front 31

Townshend Act

Back 31

-similar to Navigation; raised money to pay colonial officials by American taxes; led to Boston boycott of English luxuries

Front 32

Navigation Acts

Back 32

-Only English and American ships allowed to colonial ports; dissent began in 1763

Front 33

Boston Massacre

Back 33

-British soliders shot in crowd of snowball fight; two of nine soliders (defended by John Adams) found guilty of manslaughter

Front 34

Samuel Adams

Back 34

-The leading figure in fomentin public outrage over the Boston Massacre; the most effective radical in the colonies.

Front 35

Loyalists

Back 35

-fought for return to colonial rule, usually conservative (educated and wealthy)

Front 36

Patriots

Back 36

-most numerous in New England, fought for independence

Front 37

Gaspee Incident

Back 37

-1772; Angry residents of Rhode Island boarded the British schooner Gaspee, set it afire, and sank it in the Narragansett bay.

Front 38

Tea Act

Back 38

-Intended to save British East India Company from bankruptcy, could sell directly to consumers rather than through wholesalers (lowered prices to compete with smuggled tea)

Front 39

Daughters of Liberty

Back 39

-Women had participated actively in anti-British riots and crowd activities in the 1760's; formed "Daughters of Liberty" mocking their male counterparts as insufficiently militant.

Front 40

Boston Tea Party

Back 40

-peaceful desruction of British tea in Boston Harbor by colonists disguised as Indians

Front 41

Coercive Acts

Back 41

-in reaction to the Boston Tea Party; closing of Boston Harbor, revocation of Massachusetts charter (power to govern), murder in the name of royal authority would be tried in England or another country.

Front 42

First Continental Congress

Back 42

-1774; Raleigh Tavern at Williamsburg , declared that the Intolerable Acts menaced the liberties of every colony, calling for a "Continental Congress." Made 5 major decisions.

Front 43

John Adams

Back 43

-He was one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States; wrote to Patrick Henry that they must begin fighting, henry agreed.

Front 44

Battle of Lexington and Concord

Back 44

-Townspeople of Massachusetts(minutemen) and citizens of Boston(British Garrison) had rivalries between eachother and waited on eachother to attack.

Front 45

General Thomas Gage

Back 45

-Commanded the British garrison, and decided to act once he heard that the minutemen had stored a large supply of gunpowder in Concord.

Front 46

Paul Revere

Back 46

-When 1,00 soliders were sent off on the road to lexington and concord, Revere and Dawes rode out to warn the villages and farms.

Front 47

John Dickinson Letters to a farmer

Back 47

-In a series of fourteen letters widely published in late 1767 and early 1768, John Dickinson counsels leaders on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean on the economic folly and unconstitutionality of new British revenue laws that ignore the rights of Englishmen living in the American Colonies.

Front 48

The Massachusetts Circular

Back 48

-a statement written by Samuel Adams and passed by the Massachusetts House of Representatives in February 1768 in response to the Townshend Acts.