Ch. 38 Sensory Perception

Front 1

sensory reception

Back 1

the process of receiving stimuli or data. these stimuli are either external or internal to the body

Front 2

visual

Back 2

(sight) external stimuli

Front 3

auditory

Back 3

(hearing) external stimuli

Front 4

olfactory

Back 4

(smell) external stimuli

Front 5

tactile

Back 5

(touch) external stimuli

Front 6

gustatory

Back 6

(taste) external stimuli. can also be internal

Front 7

kinesthetic

Back 7

internal stimuli; refers to awareness of the position and movement of body parts. for example, a person walking is aware of which leg is forward

Front 8

stereognosis

Back 8

ability to perceive and understand an object through touch by its size, shape, and texture. for example, a person holding a tennis ball is aware of its size, roung shape, and soft surface without seeing it.

Front 9

visceral

Back 9

internal stimuli; refers to any large organ within the body. ______ organs may produce stimuli that make a person aware of them (e.g., a full stomach)

Front 10

sensory perception

Back 10

involvesthe conscious organization and translation of the dara or stimuli into meaningful information

Front 11

sensoristasis

Back 11

term used to describe when a person is in optimal arousal; people have their own zone of optimum arousal, the level at which the person feels comfortable.

Front 12

awareness

Back 12

the ability to perceive environmental stimuli and body reactions and to respond appropriately through thought and action

Front 13

sensory deprivation

Back 13

generally thought of as a decrease in or lack of meaningful stimuli. when a person experiences sensory deprivation, the balance in the reticular activating system is disturbed. The RAS is unable to maintain normal stimulation to the cerebral cortex. because of this reduced stimulation a person becomes more acutely aware of the remainting stimuli and often perceives these in a distorted manner. thus the person often experiences alterations in perception, cognition, and emotion.

Front 14

sensory overload

Back 14

generally occurs when a person is unable to process or manage the amount or intensity of sensory stimuli.

Front 15

three factors that contribute to sensory overload

Back 15

1. increased quantity or quality of internal stimuli, such as pain, dyspnea, anxiety
2. increased quantity or quality of external stimuli, such as a noisy health care setting, intrusive diagnostic studies, contacts with many strangers
3. inability to disregard stimuli selectively, mayhaps as a result of nervous system disturbances or medications that stimulate the arousal mechanism

Front 16

sensory deficit

Back 16

impaired reception, perception, or both, of one or more of the senses. blindness and deafness are sensory deficits. when only one sense is affected, other senses may becomes more acute to compensate for the loss

Front 17

cultural deprivation

Back 17

or cultural care deprivation; a lack of culturally assistive, supportive, or facilitative acts.

Front 18

factors affecting sensory function

Back 18

1 developmental stage
2 culture
3 stress
4 medications and illness
5 lifestyle and personality

Front 19

developmental stage

Back 19

perception of sensation is critical to the intellectual, social, and physical development of infants and children. adults have many learned responses to sensory cues. the sudden loss or impairment of any sense, therefore, has a profound effect on both the child and the adult.
normal physiologic changes in older adults put them at higher risk for altered sensory function. the diminishing of sensory perception that may coem with chronic disease or aging is generally gradual.

Front 20

culture

Back 20

an individuals cultureoften determiens the amount of stimulation that a person considers usual or "normal." a sudden change in cultural surroundings experienced by immigrants or visitors to a new country, especially where there are differences in language, dress, and cultural behaviors, may aslo result in sensory overload or culture shock

Front 21

stress

Back 21

during times of increased ctress, people may find their senses already overloaded and thus seek to decrease sensory stimulation

Front 22

medications and illness

Back 22

certain meds can alter an individual's awareness of environmental stimuli.
certain diseases, such as atherosclerosis, restrict bolood flow to the receptor organs and the brain, thereby decreasing awareness and slowing responses

Front 23

lifestyle and personality

Back 23

lifestyle influences the quality and quantity of stimulation to which an individual is accustomed.
peoples' personalities also differ in terms of quantity and quality of stimuli with which they are comfortable. Some people delight in constantly changing stimuli and excitement, whereas others prefer a more structured life with few changes

Front 24

acute confusion (delirium)

Back 24

different from chronic confusion (dementia). is has an abrubt onset and a cause which when treated, reverses the confusion.
dementia is often called chronic confusion with sumptoms that are gradual and irreversible

Front 25

acute confusion (delirium)

Back 25

different from chronic confusion (dementia). is has an abrubt onset and a cause which when treated, reverses the confusion.
dementia is often called chronic confusion with sumptoms that are gradual and irreversible

Front 26

Diagnosing

Back 26

disturbed sensory perception
acute confusion
chronic confusion
impaired memory

Front 27

disturbed sensory perception

Back 27

(specify: visual, auditory, kinesthetic, gustatory, tactile, olfactory) chang in the amount or patterning of incoming stimuli accomplanied by a diminished, exaggerated, distorted, or impaired response to such stimuli. this diagnostic label is used to describe clients whose perception has been altered by physiologic factors such as pain, sleep deprivation, immobility, and excessive or decreased meaningful environmental stimuli

Front 28

acute confusion

Back 28

abrupt onset of a cluster of global, transient changes and disturbances in attention, cognition, psuchomotor activity level of consciousness, and/or sleep/wake cycle

Front 29

chronic confusion

Back 29

irreversible, lond-standing, and/or progressive deteriortaion of intellect and personality characterized by descresed abnility to interpret environmental stimuli; and decreased capacity for intellectual thought processes; and manigested by disturbances of memory, orientation, and behavior

Front 30

impaired memory

Back 30

inability to remember or recall bits of information or behavior skills. impaired memory may be attributed to pathophysiological or situational caused that are either temporary or permanent

Front 31

Planning:
overall outcome criteria for clients with sensory-perception alterations

Back 31

prevent injury,
maintain the function of existing senses,
develop an effective communication mechanism,
prevent sensory overload or deprivation,
reduce social isolation,
perform activities of daily living independently and safely

Front 32

nursing interventions for clients with sensory-perception alterations

Back 32

cognitive stimulation,
communication enhancement:hearing deficit,
communication enhancement: visual deficit,
nutrition management,
environmental management,
fall prevention,
body mechanics promotion,
peripheral sensation management,
emotional support,
surveillance: safety