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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Function of the Endocrine System
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plays a HUGE role in cell communication;
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How cells communicate
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Hormones are chemical messangers-> Target cell has receptors for hormones-> Hormones binds to receptor-> sends signal in target cell-> changes target cell's activites
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Local Hormones (Paracrine Effect)
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Protaglandins
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Ex: Protoglandins
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some constrict arteries
- during childbirth tells umbilical chord to stop bleeding -during contractions baby pushes against uterine walls -during inflamation pain tells body something is wrong |
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Endocrine Hormones (Endocrine effect)
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cell that produces it is a distance away from the target cells
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Endocrine glands
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produce endocrine hormones
peptides, amino acids, steroids |
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Steroids
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made from cholesterol, not hydrophilic therefore hormone can get through into cell therefore receptors can be on surface or inside the cell
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Posterior Pituitary gland
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extension of cells produced in Hypothalamus; responsible for storing and releasing hormones from neurosecretory cells
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Posterior Pituitary Hormones
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ADH, Oxytocin
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Oxytocin
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hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland that stimulates the contraction of the uterine and mammary gland muscles
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Anterior Pituitary
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Hypothalamus will release hormones that influence that Anterior Pituitary ; releasing and inhibiting hormones
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Regulate hormone production
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FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH
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FSH
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone
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LH
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Luteinizing Hormone
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FSH and LH
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both will go to the Gonads to begin a different hormone production
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Male Gonad
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Testes produces testosterone and sperm
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Female Gonad
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Ovary produces estrogen- progesterone and egg production
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Other- Changes Activity of a cell
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Prolactin, MSH, GH
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Prolactin
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causes milk production; develop mammary glands; positive feedback
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MSH
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Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone- causes cells to secrete Melanin which is a skin pigment; during sun exposure to protect against UV rays
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GH
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Growth Hormone- tells cells to grow
ex: gigantism and dwarfism |
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Dwarfism
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leads to CJD and Curu
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Acromegaly
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big hands, feet, ears
when adults still produce growth hormone |
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Thyroxin
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Iodine (controls level of metabolism)
ex: in low temp or stress situation thyroxin is secreted |
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Hyperthyroidism
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increase in thyroxin, increased: metabolism, appetite, heart rate
decrease: weight anxious and heat sensitive Treatment: drugs, radio iodine, remove part of thyroid |
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Hypothyroidism
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decreased thyroxin
increased: weight decreased: metabolism, appetite always cold and tired treatment: take thyroxin |
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Goiter
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enlarged Thyroid, results from a lack of iodine; low iodine-> increased TSH-> No thyroxin-> body increases cell count in thryoid but still no thyroxin is produced
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Calcitonin
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helps maintain calcium levels in the blood
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Parathyroid Gland (4 surround the thyroid)
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secretes Parathormone/ Parathyroid Hormone; helps maintain calcium blood levels
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Low Calcium
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therefore PTH is release-> PTH goes to kidneus and tells the kidneys not to release calcium into urine and also tells the stomach to absorb calcium
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High Calcium
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therefore releases calcitonin to absorb calcium
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Endocrine Disruptors
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mimic own hormones, block hormones
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Pancreas
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beta and alpha
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Beta Islet Cells
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insulin
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Alpha Islet Cells
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Glucagon
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High Glucose Levels
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insulin brings glucose levels down by telling body cells to take up glucose, tells liver to turn glucose into glycogen
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Low Glucose Levels
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glucogan tells glycogen to go back to glucose and tells body cells to not use glucose as energy but to use fats
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Diabetes Mellitus
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Juvenile and Adult
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Type 1
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Insulin Dependent (IDDM) - High Glucose levels because don't make insulin or cannot respond to insulin; autoimmune disease; need insulin injection; cannot get rid of glucose, sweet urine
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Type 2
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Non-Insulin Dependent (NIDDM)
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