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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sexual Health
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Is “a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity”
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Infancy and Early Childhood
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- First 3 years of life are crucial in the development of gender identity
- Child identifies with parent of same sex |
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School-Age Years
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- Parents, teachers, and peer groups serve as role models
- Knowledge about normal emotional and physical changes associated with puberty will decrease anxiety as these changes begin to happen |
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Puberty/Adolescence
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- “Am I normal?” and “Will I be accepted?”
- 47% of high school students have had sex at least once - Adolescence is often a time when individuals explore their primary sexual orientation |
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Middle Adulthood
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- Decreasing levels of estrogen in the perimenopausal woman lead to diminished vaginal lubrication and decreased vaginal elasticity
- Lead to dyspareunia, or the occurrence of pain during intercourse - Decreased estrogen can lead to decreased desirer for sexual activity |
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Older Adulthood
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- Factors that determine sexual activity in older adults include present health status, past and present life satisfaction, and the status of marital or intimate relationships
- Emphasize that sexual activity is not essential to maintaining quality of life - The excitement phase prolongs in both men and women and it usually takes longer for them to reach orgasm - The refractory time following orgasm is also longer |
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Sexual Orientation
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Describes the predominant gender preference of a person’s sexual attraction over time
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Nonprescription Contraceptive Methods
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- Include abstinence, barrier methods, and timing of intercourse in regard to the menstrual cycle
- Based on the physiological changes of the menstrual cycle include the rhythm, basal body temperature, cervical mucus, and fertility awareness methods |
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Methods That Require a Health Care Provider’s Intervention
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- Include hormonal contraception, IUDs, the diaphragm, the cervical cap, and sterilization
- Hormonal contraception alters the hormonal environment to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus - IUD makes the lining of the mucus less favorable for the implantation of a fertilized ovum - Diaphragm - Woman needs to be refitted after a significant change in weight (10 lb gain or loss) or pregnancy - Cervical Cap - Like the diaphragm but covers only the cervix - Female sterilization - Tubal ligation - Involves cutting, tying, or otherwise ligating the fallopian tubes - Male sterilization - Vasectomy - Vas deferens, which carries the sperm away from testicles, is cut and tied |
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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- 15 million people in US have STD each year
- 4 million are adolescents - Treatment of STDs in US costs about $17 billion annually - Commonly diagnosed STDS include syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and infection with the HPV and herpes simplex virus (HSV) type II (genital wards and genital herpes) - Gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are caused by bacteria and are usually curable with antibiotics - 2 diseases of genital herpes and genital warts - caused by viruses and cannot be cured - Major problem in dealing with STDs is finding and treating people infected - Common symptoms of STD include discharge from the vagina, penis, or anus; pain during sex or when urinating; blisters or sores in the genital area; fever - Ears, mouth, throat, tongue, nose, and eyelids are sometimes used for sexual pleasure |
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HIV Infection
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- Primary routes of transmission include contaminated intravenous (IV) needles, anal intercourse, vaginal intercourse, oral-genital sex, and transfusion of blood and blood products
- HIV is made up of 3 stages - Primary infection stage - Lasts for about a month after contracting the virus - Person experiences flulike symptoms - Clinical latency phase - Person has no symptoms of infection - HIV antibodies appear in the blood about 6 weeks to 3 months following infection - If left untreated person lives about 10 years - Last stage - AIDS - Person begins to show symptoms of disease - Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has greatly increased the survival time of persons who live with HIV/AIDS |
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HPV
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- Genital warts
- Direct contact with warts, semen, and other body fluids from others who have HPV - About 16% of women have genital HPV - 80-90% of cervical cancer cases are linked to HPV infection |
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Chlamydia
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- Most commonly reported bacterial STD in the US affecting about 2.8 million each year
- Infects the genitourinary tract and rectum in adults causes conjunctivitis and pneumonia in newborn babies - If not treated it causes PID, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and neonatal complications - Risk of infection is higher in people less than 25 years old - Considered a silent disease - Symptoms in women include dysuria, urinary frequency, and purulent vaginal discharge - Men, it usually infects the urethra nad causes nongonococcal urethritic (NGU) - Dysuria and urethral discharge are common symptoms of NGU |
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Impact of Pregnancy and Menstruation on Sexuality
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- Hindu culture a woman avoids worship, cooking, and other members of the family during menstruation
- Female sexual interest tends to increase interest during second trimester and often decreased interest during the first and third trimesters - Often a decrease in libido during 1st trimester because of nausea, fatigue, and breast tenderness - 2nd trimester there is an increased blood flow to pelvic area to supply placenta, resulting in increased sexual enjoyment and libido - 3rd trimester the increased abdominal size often makes finding a comfortable position difficult |
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Abortion
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- Half of all pregnancies in US are unplanned
- Almost half of unintended pregnancies end in abortion |
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Infertility
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- Is the inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse
- Choices for the infertile couple include pursuit of adoption, medical assistance with fertilization, or adapting to the probability of remaining childless |
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Sexual dysfunction
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- Absence of complete sexual functioning is common
- 52% in men and 63% in women - Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects about 30 million men in US - Neurogenic problems, medications, or endocrine or psychogenic factors can cause ED - Sexual dysfunction in women is commonly caused by vaginismus or orgasmic dysfunction - Physical causes include infection, diabetes, neurological disease, drug or alcohol use, and aging changes |
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Vaginismus
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Is a spastic contraction or tightening of the vagina during or before penetration for intercourse
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