Ch 33

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Pentaradial symmetry

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This is symmetry in five or multiples of 5

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Water vascular system

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A network of water filled canals leading to extensions called to beat starfish have this

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Tube feet

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Is a system that functions in gas exchange Locomotion and feeding

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Cephalochordates, urochordates, vertebrates.

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There are about 3,000 living species of urochordates and 62000 living species of vertebrates but only about 30 living species of cephalochordates adult chordates vary greatly in form but all chordates display the following derive structures at some stage in their development a dorsal Hollow nerve cord a tail that extends beyond the anus and dorsal supporting Rod called the notochord

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Notochord

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Is the most distinctive Gerard chordate trade it is composed of a core of large cells with Target fluid-filled vacuoles which make it rigid but flexible

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Vertebrates

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The vertebrates take their name from the jointed dorsal vertebra column that replaces the notochord during early development as their primary supporting structure

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Vertebrate body plan

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An interior skull with a large Brain Kama a rigid internal skeleton supported by the vertebrae called, internal organs spended in a column, and a well-developed circulatory system driven with contractions of a ventral heart

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Chondrichthyans

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Several groups of gnathostomes became abundant during the devonian. Among them were the chondrythians this includes sharks skates and Rays 940 living species the chimeras 40 living species like hagfish and lampreys these fishes have a skeleton composed entirely of firm but pliable cartilage

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Ray-finned fish

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And most remaining groups of vertebrates have internal skeletons of calcified region of bone rather than flexible cartilage the outer body surface is most species of ray-finned fish is covered with flat thin light weight scales that provide some protection or enhance movement through the water

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Sarcopterygians

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Which include call Kent's long fish and tetrapods each of the jointed appendages of sarcopterygians is joined to the body by a single and large bone

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Lung fishes

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Which also have jointed fans that are connected to the body by a single enlarged bone or important predators in shallow water habitats in the devonian. But most lineages died out the six surviving species live in stagnant swamps and Muddy Waters and South America

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Tetrapod

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It is believed that some early aquatic fish begin to use the terrestrial food sources and became more fully adapted to life on land and eventually evolved to become incestrial tetrapods four-legged vertebrates

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Amphibians

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Most modern in fabian's are confined to moist environments because they lose water rapidly through the skin when exposed to dry air in addition their eggs are in close with delicate membrane envelopes that cannot prevent water loss in dry conditions and some amphibians species adults live mostly on land but return to fresh water to lay their eggs which are usually fertilized outside the body

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Amniotes

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Several key Innovations contributed to the ability of members of One clade of tetrapods to exploit a wide range of terrestrial habitats the animals that evolved these water-conserving traits are called amniotes

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The amniote egg

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Which gives the group its name is relatively impermeable to water and allows the embryo to develop in a contained aqueous environment the letter e or brittle calcium impregnated shell of the amniote egg retires evaporation of the fluids inside for permits Passage of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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Reptiles

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10700 species of reptiles exist today over half of them are which are birds are the only living members of the otherwise extinct dinosaurs that dominant territorial predators of the Mesozoic period

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Mammals

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Small and medium-sized mammals coexisted with the dinosaurs for millions of years. After the non-avian dinosaurs disappeared during the mass extinction at the close of the Mesozoic Era, mammals is increased dramatically and numbers, diversity, and size. Today mammals range in size from Tiny shrews and bird that's weighing only about two grams to the bubble Wale the largest animal on Earth

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Therians

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Members of the theian are further divided into the marsupials and that your three and famous and most marsupial species have a ventral pouch in which they carry and feed their offspring

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Primates

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Eucerin primates underwent extensive evolutionary radiation from an ancestral small arboreal insectivorous mammal

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Culture

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The expanded mental abilities of humans enabled the development of complex culture in which knowledge and traditions are passed along from one generation to the next by teaching and observation