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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define Tissues:
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group of cells of similar appearance & similar function having an interdependency.
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define organs:
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discrete structure comprised of more than 1 tissue; organs will have more than 1 function.
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define organ systems:
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linked group of organs
linkage can be physical or functional ex: endocrine (not phys linked) ex: digestive sys (phys linked) |
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Four basic functional types of tissues
(derived from embryonic tissue types) |
1. epithelial
2. connective 3. muscle 4. nervous |
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Epithelial tissues
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found in coverings and linings
(digestive & respiratory tracts) #1 function is protection also functions in absorption and secretion. |
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epithelial cell types
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1. squamous
2. cuboidal 3. columnar |
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squamous
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squamous: flattened; lots of surface, little depth
generally protetive function found in skin |
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cuboidal
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cube-shaped
idodiametric contain more cytoplasm (more secretive/absorptive) found in liver and kidney |
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columnar
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taller, column shaped
more cytoplasm (absorption/secretion) found in gut and glands |
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epithelial cell arrangements:
1. simple 2. stratified |
1. simple: a single layer of cells (lines body cavities, ducts, tubes)
2. stratified: multiple layers of cells (skin) |
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stratum corneum
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top layer of skin
dead sloughs off (process of lost cells) |
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stratum basale
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alive
deep layers bigger cells cell division |
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why is upper layer dead?
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as cells move upward, they start accumulating keratin and losing cytoplasm. "keratin" protein that makes up hair/fingernails
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connective tissues
*most abundant & widely distributed of all tissues* identify the distinguishing features |
1. fibroblasts: live cells which secrete fibers & matrix
2. fibers: non-living, solid protein structures, rigid, flexible or elastic 3. matrix: filler |
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3 types of connective tissues
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1. loose connective tissue
2. dense irregular 3. dense regular |
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loose connective tissue
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soft, weak
space filler contains WBCs framework for epithelium |
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dense irregular tissue
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fibers oriented in multiple directions. (strength component)
ex: dermis (lower layer of skin) contains dense irregular and forms capsules around organs that don't stretch much |
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dense regular tissue
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fibers oriented in same diretion (weaker in one dir./max. strength in another)
ex: tendon |
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specialized connective tissue:
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1. cartilage
2. bone 3. adipose 4. blood/lymph |
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tendons/ligaments
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tendons: attach muscle to bones (cannot stretch)
ligaments: attanch bone to bone ( can stretch) also elastic |
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cartilage
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flexible conn. tissue
strength/flexibility found: nose, earlobes, vertebral discs in spine, joints cells=chondrocytes exist in small spaces called lacunae matrix lacks density no blood supply to cartilage nutrients, waste diffuses thru the matrix |
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bone
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rigid physical structure which muscles can contract
fibroblasts called: osteocytes matrix is calcified: hydroxyapatite (calcium) osteocytes exist in lacunae osteocytes arranged in concentric rings osteon: basic unit of bone structure osteon is cylindrical blood vessel surrounded by haversian canal |
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adipose
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fat tissue
matrix contains triglyceride |
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blood/lymph
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fluid connective tissues
matrix is fluid |
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muscle tissue types
differ in location, looks and how they are activated) |
1. skeletal
2. smooth 3. cardiac |
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contractile proteins
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actin/myosin interact to cause contraction
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muscle tissue results in:
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1. gross (overall) movement
2. internal movement (digestive system) |
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skeletal
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connects to bone (skeleton)
gross movement has striated appearance actin/myosin organized in bands controlled by nervous sys, coluntary charac. by rapid and strong contraction |
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smooth
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assoc'd w/tubes & glands (dig. tract--propel food thru)
smooth musc. NOT attached to bone, NOT striated autonomic: nervous sys. contractions are slow & gradual; sustain longer than skeletal |
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cardiac
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only found in heart
has banded appearance musc. cells are branched and adjoin at intercalated disks involuntary contraction is rapid & strong |
