Ch. 31 The Civil Rights Movement

Front 1

nonviolent resistance

Back 1

Required that protests not resort to violence, even when others attacked them.

Front 2

sit-ins

Back 2

Demonstrators would protest by sitting down in a location and refusing to leave.

Front 3

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Back 3

An alliance of church-based African American organizations dedicated to ending discrimination.

Front 4

Martin Luther King Jr.

Back 4

Leader of the SCLC

Front 5

Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee

Back 5

A loose association of student activists from throughout the South.

Front 6

Congress of Racial Equality

Back 6

Northern-based civil rights group hoped to launch new nonviolent protests against racial discrimination.

Front 7

Freedom Riders

Back 7

Civil Rights activists who rode on interstate buses into the segregated southern United States to test the United States Supreme Court decision Boynton v. Virginia

Front 8

T. Eugene Connor

Back 8

Birmingham's sity commissioner of public safety that blamed the Freedom Riders for the violence when a Freedom Rider was beaten so badly that he suffered permanent brain damage.

Front 9

Diane Nash

Back 9

SNCC leader

Front 10

James Meredith

Back 10

First black man to go to college/University of Mississippi

Front 11

Medgar Evers

Back 11

NAACP field secretary that was killed by a white assassin. Myrlie Ever's husband.

Front 12

Laurie Pritchett

Back 12

Albany, Georgia Police Chief that used the method "nonviolence with nonviolence"

Front 13

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 13

Banned discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Front 14

Robert Moses

Back 14

Registered 6 black voters and was jailed, beaten, and chased by a mob.

Front 15

Council of Federated Organizations

Back 15

Coordinated voter registration drives

Front 16

Twenty-fourth Amendment

Back 16

Banned the payment of poll taxes as a condition for voting in federal elections.

Front 17

Freedom Summer

Back 17

Plan that recruited volunteers and offered legal and medical assistance to the civil rights workers.

Front 18

Andrew Goodman

Back 18

White man that was murdered

Front 19

James Chaney

Back 19

White man that was murdered

Front 20

Michael Schwerner

Back 20

White man that was murdered

Front 21

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Back 21

Group that sent its own delegates to the Democratic National Convention to protest discrimination against black voters in Mississippi.

Front 22

Fannie Lou Hamer

Back 22

An African American who had lost her job and her jouse when she registered to vote

Front 23

Voting Rights Act

Back 23

Law that put voter registration under federal government control.

Front 24

James Farmer

Back 24

CORE director

Front 25

Nation of Islam

Back 25

Organization based on the Islamic religion founded by prophet Muhammad.

Front 26

Elijah Muhammad

Back 26

Leader of the Nation of Islam

Front 27

Malcolm X

Back 27

A charismatic young Nation of Islam minister.

Front 28

Stokely Carmichael

Back 28

Part of the SNCC. "What you want is the nation to be upset when anybody is killed... It's almost like, for this to be recognized, a white person must be killed. Well, what does that say?"

Front 29

Black Power

Back 29

Movement that called for black separatism. Emphasized racial pride.

Front 30

Bobby SEale

Back 30

Created the political organization called the Black Panther Party.

Front 31

Huey Newton

Back 31

Created the political organization called the Black Panther Party.

Front 32

Black Pantehr Party

Back 32

Political organization formed in the 1960s that called for empowerment of and defense for African Americans.

Front 33

Kerner Commission

Back 33

Federal commission that investigated the 1960s riots and blamed them on white racism.

Front 34

Poor People's Campaign

Back 34

Martin Luther King Jr.'s proposed movement to protest the believed misuse of government spending away from antipoverty programs.

Front 35

busing

Back 35

Sending children to schools outside of their neighborhoods, usually to promote integration.

Front 36

affirmative action

Back 36

Practice by some government agencies, businesses, and schools of giving preference to ethnic minorities and women in admissions and hiring.

Front 37

quotas

Back 37

System of reserving a fixed number of openings in schools or jobs for certain groups of people.

Front 38

Ralph Abernathy

Back 38

Told marchers on their way to Capitol Hill after Martin Luther King Jr.'s death, "We have business on the road to freedom.... We must prove to white America that you can kill the leader but you cannot kill the dream."

Front 39

University of California v. Bakke

Back 39

Supreme Court decision that established that while some forms of affirmative action were legal, quota systems were not.

Front 40

Allan Bakke

Back 40

A white man that in the case of University of California v. Bakke, was ruled having been unfairly denied admission to medical school on the basis of quotas.

Front 41

Carle Stokes

Back 41

Mayor of Cleveland. First African American to be elected mayor of a major U.S. city.

Front 42

National Black Political Convention

Back 42

Meeting of civil rights activists to ensure that African Americans would continue to gain political influence.